Singular spectral analysis and principal component analysis for signal discrimination of ULF geomagnetic data associated with 2000 Izu Island Earthquake Swarm

Hattori, Katsumi; Serita, Aya; Yoshino, Chie; Hayakawa, Masashi; Isezaki, Nobuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.034

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The Karhunen-Loéve Trans form has been widely used to de tect and rec og nize fine char ac ter is tics of sig nals; its phys i cal mean ing is in du bi ta ble and known Ringberg et al 2007;Ying et al 2007) mak ing it highly suit able for ex am in ing ion o spheric anom a lies and their as so ci a tion with earth quakes. Fur ther, stud ies by Hattori's and Serita (Hattori et al 2004(Hattori et al , 2006Serita et al 2005) achieved ex cel lent re sults ap ply ing this trans form to ULF geo mag netic data ob served at sev eral closely sep a rated stations. In this study, we ap ply the Karhunen-Loéve Transform to two years of ion o spheric TEC re cords to de tect anom a lies earth quake re lated TEC anom a lies given by clear extreme (here max i mal) eigenvalues and cross ref er ence the re sult of this work with that of Liu's anal y sis (Liu et al 2001 to ver ify the cred i bil ity of the Karhunen-Loéve Transform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies Associated with Earthquakes through Karhunen-Loéve Transform (KLT)

Lin¹

2010

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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AB STRACTThis re search uses eigenvalue char ac ter is tics of the Karhunen-Loéve Trans form of ion o spheric to tal elec tron con tent (TEC) to in ves ti gate pre cur sors for 12 earth quakes of Rich ter mag ni tude scale M ³ 5.0 in a lo cal re gion of lat i tude 23.00 to 24.00°N and lon gi tude 120.00 to 121.50°E for 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2003. Pre vi ous re search ers have found that in the 5 days be fore these earth quakes (i.e., prior to M ³ 5.0), pre cur sors of clear ion o spheric anom a lies show ing sparser to tal elec tron con tent (TEC) were de tected through sta tis ti cal in ves ti ga tion. This was ev i denced through two is sues from Liu and his part ners in 2001 and 2006. These is sues gave cred i ble ev i dence of such pre cur sors. The pre cur sor days hav ing clear ex treme eigenvalues of the Karhunen-Loéve Trans form as the pre cur sors in stead of the sparser ion o spheric TEC were also mostly in the 5 days be fore the 12 earth quakes of greater than M ³ 5.0. The pre cur sors of Chi-Chi Earth quake (M w = 7.6) with clear ex treme eigenvalues were de tected on the 1 st , 3 rd , and 4 th days be fore this earth quake. These re sults are con sis tent with the anal y ses of Liu and his part ner's is sue in 2001. These find ings ver ify the va lid ity of the Karhunen-Loéve Trans form. To fur ther ver ify this ap proach, the Karhunen-Loéve Trans form is ap plied to an earth quake in Ja pan. Pre cur sors to the Ja pan Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earth quake (M j = 7.2), with clear ex treme eigenvalues are de tected on the 1 st , 2 nd , and 5 th days be fore the earth quake, re spec tively. How ever, af ter de tailed anal y sis, pre cur sors of earth quakes of Rich ter mag ni tude scale M < 5 are not easy to identify using extreme eigenvalues because of existence of other ionospheric features not caused by earthquakes.Key words: Pre cur sors, Karhunen-Loéve trans form, Ion o spheric to tal elec tron con tent (TEC), Tai wan Chi-Chi earth quake, Ja pan Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earth quake Ci ta tion: Lin, J. W., 2010: Ion o spheric to tal elec tron con tent (TEC) anom a lies as so ci ated with earth quakes through Karhunen-Loéve Trans form (KLT).Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 21, 253-265, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2009.06.11.01(T) IN TRO DUC TIONTyp i cal tra di tional anal y ses of pre cur sors to earth quakes look at a va ri ety of phe nom ena such as en ergy re lease with elec tric and mag netic field dis tur bances and hot spring analyses (Kuo et al. 2006). How ever, such pre cur sors are not eas ily re corded and are sub ject to in tru sion by ra dio waves. In more re cent years, there has been a fo cus on the de tec tion of ion o spheric anom a lies in pre cur sor re search (Liu et al. 2001Pulinets 2004;Hegai et al. 2006;Heki et al. 2006;Liperovskaya et al. 2006;Hayakawa 2007). This body of re search has con firmed some ion o spheric anom a lies having re la tion ships with earth quakes, but such re la tion ships have not been suit ably math e mat i cally de scribed; they have re lied on ob ser va tional ana...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies Associated with Earthquakes through Karhunen-Loéve Transform (KLT)

Lin¹

2010

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…There have been developed different kinds of analysis methods to detect such seismogenic ULF emissions: (1) polarization analysis by means of the ratio of vertical magnetic field component to the horizontal (Hayakawa et al, 1996), (2) fractal analysis (mono-and multi-) (Hayakawa et al, 1999;Gotoh et al, 2004;Smirnova et al, 2004;Ida et al, 2005;Ida and Hayakawa, 2006), (3) principal component analysis (Gotoh et al, 2002) and (4) singular value decomposition (Hattori et al, 2006), and so on. Either when we are not sure about the presence of EQ-related ULF emissions or when we want to confirm the presence of EQ-related ULF emissions, the best way for this purpose is to apply different kinds of analysis procedures to the relevant ULF event and to compare and correlate the analysis results in order to make sure of the presence (or absence) of EQ-related ULF emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal analysis of ULF electromagnetic emissions in possible association with earthquakes in China

Ida

Yang

et al. 2012

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. The long-term data (during the period of 1 March 2003 through 31 December 2006) of ULF geomagnetic variations observed at Kashi station (geographic coordinates: 39.5 • N, 76.0 • E) in China have been used to investigate the long-term variation of fractal dimension of ULF emissions. We have studied the changes in fractal dimension in association with several earthquakes around the observation station. It is then found that a significant change (or decrease) in the fractal dimension of the Z component took place before the 1 September 2003 earthquake, which lends a further support to our previous finding based on our improved polarization analysis for the same earthquake. The results obtained are discussed in the contexts of a few aspects (detectability of seismogenic emissions, comparison with previous results by other analysis methods, the importance of fractal analysis in the nonlinear process of the lithosphere and earthquake prediction).

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“…There have been developed different kinds of methods for the analysis; (1) polarization analysis by means of the ratio of vertical magnetic field component to the horizontal (Hayakawa et al, 1996), (2) fractal analysis (mono-and multi-) (Hayakawa et al, 1999;Gotoh et al, 2004;Smirnova et al, 2004;Ida and Hayakawa, 2006;Ida et al, 2005), (3) Principal component analysis (Gotoh et al, 2002) and singular value decomposition (Hattori et al, 2006), and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of ULF electromagnetic emissions as a precursor to an earthquake in China with an improved polarization analysis

Ida

Yang

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. An improved analysis of polarization (as the ratio of vertical magnetic field component to the horizontal one) has been developed, and applied to the approximately four years data (from 1 March 2003 to 31 December 2006) observed at Kashi station in China. It is concluded that the polarization ratio has exhibited an apparent increase only just before the earthquake on 1 September 2003 (magnitude = 6.1 and epicentral distance of 116 km).

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Singular spectral analysis and principal component analysis for signal discrimination of ULF geomagnetic data associated with 2000 Izu Island Earthquake Swarm

Cited by 74 publications

References 6 publications

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies Associated with Earthquakes through Karhunen-Loéve Transform (KLT)

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies Associated with Earthquakes through Karhunen-Loéve Transform (KLT)

Fractal analysis of ULF electromagnetic emissions in possible association with earthquakes in China

Detection of ULF electromagnetic emissions as a precursor to an earthquake in China with an improved polarization analysis

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