Singlet oxygen in surface waters — Part I: Furfuryl alcohol as a trapping agent

Using Singlet Molecular Oxygen to Probe the Solute and Temperature Dependence of Liquid-Like Regions in/on Ice

“…At roomtemperature FFA is miscible in water. 34,49 In the case of FFA, even with our greatest measured value of F the concentration of FFA in liquid-like regions would be only approximately 2.7 mM; thus precipitation should not occur. In the case of RB, which has a solubility of ~1 mM at room temperature, 50 we start with 10 nM in our pre-frozen solutions so that RB precipitation should not occur for freeze-concentration factors as large as 10 5 .…”

“…24,[28][29][30][31] In frozen solutions, Grannas and coworkers showed enhanced photoreaction rates of p-nitroanisole with pyridine and observed rates up to about 40 times 5 higher on ice than in the corresponding liquid. 32 34 which has a peak absorption band at 549 nm (Supporting Information, Figure S1). In ice experiments we used ice pellets made from solutions containing 10 nM RB, while for liquid tests (where reaction rates were slower) we used 100 nM RB.…”

“…34 In ice experiments the concentration of FFA (10, 30, Spectral energy) with a 1000-W Hg/Xe lamp. 21 In order to slow down the rate of FFA reaction in ice samples, we added 6 metal screens in the light path to decrease the photon flux; for liquid solutions, where reactions were slower, no metal screens were added.…”

Fullerol modification ferrihydrite for the degradation of acid red 18 under simulated sunlight irradiation

“…The reaction between FFA and 1 O 2 is diffusion controlled with the expression of Eq. (1), 1.2 × 10 8 M −1 s −1 [36,37]. The values of the pseudo first order rate constant for FFA loss (k obs ) was obtained through Eq.…”

“…Furfur alcohol (FFA, 10 −4 mol/L) was used as 1 O 2 acceptor [36,37], and the residual concentration of FFA was determined by HPLC. The reaction between FFA and 1 O 2 is diffusion controlled with the expression of Eq.…”