Single-wall carbon nanotubes from coal

Williams, Keith A.; Tachibana, Masaru; Allen, J. S.; Grigorian, L.; Cheng, Sze‐Chuh; Fang, Siyuan; Суманасекера, Гамини; Loper, A. L.; Williams, J. H.; Eklund, P. C.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00725-3

Cited by 60 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…3), 36 but also serves to incorporate carboxylic acid groups into the SWNTs that can be used for further functionalization. 26,[36][37][38][39][40][41] Significant efforts have been devoted to the development of analytical tools for the evaluation of the quality of SWNT materials based on techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, [42][43][44][45] thin film near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, 25,[46][47][48][49] thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 42,43,50 and combinations of these analytical methods. 51 Recently a method based on solution-phase NIR spectroscopy has been proposed as an unambiguous measure of the quantitative purity of SWNTs.…”

Section: Purification Of Swntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Bekyarova

Ni²,

Malarkey³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology

249

147

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Due to their electrical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes are one of the most promising materials for the electronics, computer and aerospace industries. Here, we discuss their properties in the context of future applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. The purification and chemical modification of carbon nanotubes with organic, polymeric and biological molecules are discussed. Additionally we review their uses in biosensors, assembly of structures and devices, scanning probe microscopy and as substrates for neuronal growth. We note that additional toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes are necessary so that exposure guidelines and safety regulations can be established in a timely manner. KeywordsCarbon Nanotubes; Structure; Purification; Modification; Biosensors; Assembly of Structures and Devices; Scanning Probe Tips; Nanosurgery; Substrates for Neuronal Growth Although nanomaterials have existed in nature long before mankind was able to identify forms at the nanoscale level, advances in synthetic chemistry have been one of the driving forces in the development of a biological nanotechnology. Nanomaterials have been designed for a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications, including bone growth, 1 enzyme encapsulation, 2 biosensors 3, 4 and as vesicles for DNA delivery into living cells. 5,6 Whereas nanotechnology may provide novel materials which can result in revolutionary new structures and devices, biotechnology already offers extremely sophisticated tools to precisely position molecules and assemble hierarchal structures and devices. The application of the principles of biology to nanotechnology provides a valuable route for further miniaturization and performance improvement of artificial devices. The feasibility of the bottom-up approach which is based on molecular recognition and self-assembly properties of proteins has already been proved in many inorganic-organic hybrid systems and devices. Nanodevices with biorecognition properties provide tools at a scale, which offers a tremendous opportunity to study biochemical processes and to manipulate living cells at the single molecule level. The synergetic future of nano-and bio-technologies holds great promise for further advancement in tissue engineering, prostheses, genomics, pharmacogenomics, drug delivery, surgery and general medicine.*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptEver since Edison discovered that carbon changes its resistance with pressure and a carbon filament glows when an electric current is passed through it, the unique properties of carbon have intrigued scientists. After more than a century of interest, carbon has found its apogee in the fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-arguably the most promising of all nanomaterials. Because of their unique quasi one-dimensional structure and fascinating mechanical and electronic properties, CNTs have captured the attention of physicists...

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Section: Purification Of Swntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Bekyarova

Ni²,

Malarkey³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology

249

147

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“…For the optimisation process, the total cost of the input materials must be lesser than that of the output product. It is seen from the past experimental research works [2,3,[7][8][9], the work has been done on Bituminous and An-thracite coal samples. From the domestic coal, cost fixed by Coal India Ltd. the coal costs are as stated in Table 1.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Voltage and Current Used In The Carbon Nanotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of power is to be calculated next. In a typical experiment [9], the current was taken to be 100 A and the voltage was taken to be 36 V.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Voltage and Current Used In The Carbon Nanotmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimization of Electrical Parameters for Production of Carbon Nanotubes

Chattopadhyay¹,

Singh²

2012

JMMCE

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For more than two decades, there had been extensive research on the production of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and optimization of its manufacture for the industrial applications. It is believed that they are the strong enough but most flexible materials known to mankind. They have potential to take part in new nanofabricated materials. It is known that, carbon nanotubes could behave as the ultimate one-dimensional material with remarkable mechanical properties. Moreover, carbon nanotubes exhibit strong electrical and thermal conducting properties. In the process of optimizing the production in line with the industrial application, the researchers have found a new material to act as an anode i.e. coal, which is inexpensive as compared to graphite. There are various methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), template-directed synthesis and the use of the growth of CNTs in the presence of catalyst particles. The production of carbon nanotubes in large quantities is possible with inexpensive coal as the starting carbon source by the arc discharge technique. It is found that a large amount of carbon nanotubes of good quality can be obtained in the cathode deposits in which carbon nanotubes are present in nest-like bundles. This paper primarily concentrates on the optimising such parameters related to the mass production of the product. It has been shown through Simplex process that based on the cost of the SWNT obtained by the arc discharge technique, the voltage and the current should lie in the range of 30 -42 V and 49 -66 A respectively. Any combination above the given values will lead to a power consumption cost beyond the final product cost, in turn leading to infeasibility of the process.

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“…One of the important applications of carbon nanostructures is their use as gas sensors [6]. Among carbon nanostructures, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have nanocapillary properties and a high specific surface area which provide plenty of sites at which gases can react [7,8]. By accompanying such nanocapillary with the capability of being sensitive to the adsorbed molecules, SWCNTs would appear as an ideal system for their use for gas storage and detection [5,6,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%