Single vortex–antivortex pair in an exciton-polariton condensate

Roumpos, Georgios; Fraser, Michael D.; Löffler, Andreas; Höfling, Sven; Forchel, A.; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1038/nphys1841

Cited by 218 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[10], where the mechanism of V-AV generation is explained in terms of density fluctuations originating from the cw multi-mode pumping laser, while for a single-mode laser no V-AV pairs have been observed. In this sense, their motivation and interpretation is in terms of the BKT transition.…”

Section: Spontaneous Vortices In Trapped Incoherently Pumped Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortices in Polariton OPO Superfluids

Marchetti

Szymańska

2012

Exciton Polaritons in Microcavities

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This chapter reviews the occurrence of quantised vortices in polariton fluids, primarily when polaritons are driven in the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) regime. We first review the OPO physics, together with both its analytical and numerical modelling, the latter being necessary for the description of finite size systems. Pattern formation is typical in systems driven away from equilibrium. Similarly, we find that uniform OPO solutions can be unstable to the spontaneous formation of quantised vortices. However, metastable vortices can only be injected externally into an otherwise stable symmetric state, and their persistence is due to the OPO superfluid properties. We discuss how the currents charactering an OPO play a crucial role in the occurrence and dynamics of both metastable and spontaneous vortices.

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Section: Spontaneous Vortices In Trapped Incoherently Pumped Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortices in Polariton OPO Superfluids

Marchetti

Szymańska

2012

Exciton Polaritons in Microcavities

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“…For example, observations of superfluidity, 6 vortex formation, 7 vortex-antivortex pair creation, 8 and the spectrum of the Bogoliubov excitation 9 all support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temperature Dependence of Highly Excited Exciton Polaritons in Semiconductor Microcavities

et al. 2013

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Observations of polariton condensation in semiconductor microcavities suggest that polaritons can be exploited as a novel type of laser with low input-power requirements.The low-excitation regime is approximately equivalent to thermal equilibrium, and a higher excitation results in more dominant nonequilibrium features. Although standard photon lasing has been experimentally observed in the high excitation regime, e-h pair binding can still remain even in the high-excitation regime theoretically. Therefore, the photoluminescence with a different photon lasing mechanism is predicted to be different from that with a standard photon lasing. In this paper, we report the temperature dependence of the change in photoluminescence with the excitation density. The second threshold behavior transited to the standard photon lasing is not measured at a lowtemperature, high-excitation power regime. Our results suggest that there may still be an electron-hole pair at this regime to give a different photon lasing mechanism.

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“…In a condensed phase, they are the result of the interplay between the non-equilibrium nature of the condensate and natural disorder present in the cavity [28][29][30] . Quantized vortices have also been optically imprinted in optical parametric oscillator (OPO) configurations 31,32 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic nucleation of quantized vortex pairs in a polariton quantum fluid

et al. 2011

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Quantized vortices appear in quantum gases at the breakdown of superfluidity. In liquid helium and cold atomic gases, they have been indentified as the quantum counterpart of turbulence in classical fluids. In the solid state, composite light-matter bosons known as exciton polaritons have enabled studies of non-equilibrium quantum gases and superfluidity. However, there has been no experimental evidence of hydrodynamic nucleation of polariton vortices so far. Here we report the experimental study of a polariton fluid flowing past an obstacle and the observation of nucleation of quantized vortex pairs in the wake of the obstacle. We image the nucleation mechanism and track the motion of the vortices along the flow. The nucleation conditions are established in terms of local fluid density and velocity measured on the obstacle perimeter. The experimental results are successfully reproduced by numerical simulations based on the resolution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.H ydrodynamic instabilities in classical fluids were studied in the pioneering experiments of Bénard in the 1910's. Convective Bénard-Rayleigh flows and Bénard-Von Kár-mán streets are now well known examples in nonlinear and chaos sciences 1 . In conventional fluids, the flow around an obstacle is characterized by the dimensionless Reynolds number Re = vR/ν, with v and ν the fluid velocity and dynamical viscosity, respectively, and R the diameter of the obstacle. When increasing the Reynolds number, laminar flow, stationary vortices, Bénard-Von Kármán streets of moving vortices and fully turbulent regimes are successively observed in the wake of the obstacle 1 .In quantum fluids, such as liquid helium or atomic BoseEinstein condensates, quantum turbulence has long been predicted to appear at the breakdown of superfluidity 2-8 . In superfluid systems, the Reynolds number cannot be defined owing to the absence of viscosity. However, quantum turbulence, in the form of quantized vortices, appears simultaneously with dissipation and drag on the obstacle once a critical velocity is exceeded. This critical velocity is predicted to be lower than the Landau criterion for superfluidity far from the obstacle, because of a local increase of the fluid velocity in the vicinity of the impenetrable obstacle 2,4,5 .Experimental evidence has been given for the appearance of a drag force or heat above some critical velocity in superfluid helium 5 and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates 9,10 . In stirred atomic gases, vortex lattices appear above a critical stirring frequency 11-13 , analogously to the rotating bucket experiments originally performed with superfluid helium 14 . Irregular vortex tangle patterns were also observed under an external oscillating perturbation, indicating the presence of turbulence in the atomic cloud 15 . Finally, vortex nucleation has been reported in the wake of a blue-detuned laser moving above a critical velocity through the condensate 16,17 . However, no experiment has yet allowed the imaging of the hydrodynamic nucleation mechanism with ...

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Single vortex–antivortex pair in an exciton-polariton condensate

Cited by 218 publications

References 30 publications

Vortices in Polariton OPO Superfluids

Vortices in Polariton OPO Superfluids

Temperature Dependence of Highly Excited Exciton Polaritons in Semiconductor Microcavities

Hydrodynamic nucleation of quantized vortex pairs in a polariton quantum fluid

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