Single unit activity in the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) during optokinetic, vestibular and visuo-vestibular stimulations in the alert pigeon (Columbia livia)

Gioanni, Henri; J, Rey; Villalobos, Julio; Dalbera, A.

doi:10.1007/bf00231131

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Taken together with previous studies (Britto et al, 1981;Burns and Wallman, 1981;Morgan and Frost, 1981;Gioanni et al, 1984;Wylie and Frost, 1990;WolfOberhollenzer and Kirschfeld, 1994;Zhang et al, 1999), our study suggests that the almost all nBOR cells are selective for the direction and velocity of moving targets in (Karten and Hodos, 1967). Numerals 1-4 label cells whose electrophysiological data are shown in other figures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Visual responses of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root to stationary stimuli in pigeons

Wang

2002

J of Neuroscience Research

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The nucleus of the basal optic root of the accessory optic system in pigeons is involved in generating optokinetic nystagmus, which stabilizes object images on the retina by compensatory eye movements. Previous studies have indicated that basal optic neurons are selective for the direction and velocity of motion. The present study shows that these optokinetic cells also respond to stationary stimuli and thereby could be categorized into three groups. The first group of cells (69.1%) responds to stationary gratings orthogonal to the preferred direction but not to gratings parallel to the preferred direction. They do not respond to stationary random-dot patterns without any orientational cues. The second group of cells (7.4%) almost equally discharges a series of bursts in response to stationary gratings with any orientations and to random-dot patterns as well. The third group of cells (23.5%) is responsive to motion but not to stationary gratings and random-dot patterns. The receptive field of basal optic cells is composed of an excitatory field and an inhibitory field, both of which overlap or occupy different regions in the visual field. The aforementioned properties may be attributed to the excitatory receptive field, whereas the inhibitory receptive field is functional when visual stimuli are moving in the direction opposite to the preferred direction of basal optic cells. The functional significance of visual responses of optokinetic neurons to stationary patterns is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Visual responses of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root to stationary stimuli in pigeons

Wang

2002

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…These results are supported by a recent anatomical finding that, in addition to diverse projections to various regions in the mesencephalon, diencephalon and cerebellum [Brecha et al, 1980;Gioanni et al, 1984;Telford and Frost, 1989;Wylie and Linkenhoker, 1996], a few terminals are also seen within the SP, the IPS and nRt on the ipsilateral side after injecting an anterograde tracer into the nBOR [Wylie et al, 1997]. The SP/IPS complex sends inhibitory efferents to the nRt [Deng and Rogers, 1998b;Mpodozis et 290 Brain Behav Evol 2000;56:287-292 Wang/Gu/Wang al Tömböl et al, 1994Tömböl et al, , 1999.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In the accessory optic pathway, displaced ganglion cells in the retina project axons to the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) [Karten et al, 1977;Reiner et al, 1979;Fite et al, 1981;Nickla et al, 1994]. It sends diverse projections to various regions in the mesencephalon, diencephalon and cerebellum, including the contralateral nBOR, the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, reticular formation, central gray, pontine nuclei, vestibulocerebellum and oculomotor complex [Brecha et al, 1980;Gioanni et al, 1984;Telford and Frost, 1989;Wylie and Linkenhoker, 1996]. In addition to these projections, a few terminals also could be seen in the nRt, the subpretectal nucleus (SP) and the interstitio-pretecto-subpretectal nucleus (IPS) after injecting a tracer into the nBOR [Wylie et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of the Nucleus of the Basal Optic Root on Rotundal Neurons in Pigeons

Wang

2000

Brain Behav Evol

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The present paper reports for the first time in birds the modulatory effects of the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) on visual neurons in the nucleus rotundus in particular and those of the accessory optic system on the tectofugal pathway in general. Pharmacological blockade of the nBOR by lidocaine led to a decrease or increase in visual responsiveness of rotundal cells, suggesting excitatory or inhibitory actions of the nBOR on rotundal cells. These results were confirmed by changes in the excitability of rotundal cells following electrical stimulation of the nBOR. Response latency measurements implied that there might be at least two pathways from the nBOR to the nucleus rotundus, one being a direct excitatory pathway and the other an indirect inhibitory pathway possibly mediated by the subpretectal nucleus and the interstitio-pretecto-subpretectal nucleus, which have been thought to send inhibitory afferents to the nucleus rotundus. Taken together with previous neuroanatomical and immunocytochemical studies, it is suggested that modulatory interactions might exist between the nBOR and the nRt in particular and between the accessory optic system and the tectofugal pathway in general in birds.

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“…Several electrophysiological studies performed in other species (frog: Cochran et al, 1984;turtle: Rosenberg and Ariel., 1998;chicken: Burns and Wallman, 1981;pigeon: Morgan and Frost, 1981;Gioanni et al, 1984;Crowder and Wylie, 2001;rat: van der Togt et al, 1993;cat: Grasse andCynader, 1982, 1984b) confirmed the qualitative response properties of AOS neurons in rabbits, with some species differences in the distribution of cells with different directional preferences and in the range of the most effective stimulus speed (for instance, see Crowder et al, 2003a). Slightly different results were obtained in turtle, where both excitation and inhibition can be present, for any given stimulus direction, in the same cell of the nBOR (Ariel and Kogo, 2001), and in the rainbow trout, where both horizontal and vertical preferred directions were found both in AOS and pretectal nuclei (Klar and Hoffmann, 2002).…”

Section: Response Properties Of Aos Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

142

123

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The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective, and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well-characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. This chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition. The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. The present chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition.

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Single unit activity in the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) during optokinetic, vestibular and visuo-vestibular stimulations in the alert pigeon (Columbia livia)

Cited by 66 publications

References 28 publications

Visual responses of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root to stationary stimuli in pigeons

Visual responses of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root to stationary stimuli in pigeons

Modulatory Effects of the Nucleus of the Basal Optic Root on Rotundal Neurons in Pigeons

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

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