Single Tb3+ ion doped ratiometric mechanoluminescence for tunable stress visualization

Color-resolved mechanoluminescence of Eu and Mn co-doped SrMg2(PO4)2

“…19 Similarly, Wu et al reported a Lu 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 :Tb 3+ ML material, where the electron transition of the Tb 3+ ion from 5 D 3 → 7 F 6-4 and 5 D 4 → 7 F 6-0 contributed two different emission bands respectively, and the ML color varied with the applied stress. 20 The aforementioned results suggest that effective realization of stress-sensitive color variations can be achieved by harnessing the diverse luminescence behaviors exhibited by activators under stress. Generally, the luminescence kinetics of activators in ML materials are significantly affected by changes in the local crystal field environment.…”

Visible-to-Near-Infrared Mechanoluminescence in Bi-Activated Spinel Compounds for Multiple Information Anticounterfeiting

“…Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a phenomenon whereby materials (mostly solids) emit light in response to mechanical stimuli, such as friction, tension, compression, impact, bending, and ultrasound. − Since two classic ML materials, SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ (green, 520 nm) and ZnS:Mn 2+ (yellow, 585 nm), − were reported by Xu et al in 1999, MLs have attracted tremendous interest and passion from researchers. Because of their high recoverability, stability, sensitivity, and real-time capabilities, elastic MLs (EMLs) reveal potential application values in the fields of information anticounterfeiting, − stress sensing, flexible sensors, and wearable devices . Consequently, innumerable emerging EMLs have been developed one after another, with their luminescence characteristics and relevant mechanisms gradually being unveiled.…”