Single, Subsequent, or Simultaneous Treatments to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Solid Foods and Feeds: A Critical Review

Abstract

Mycotoxins in solid foods and feeds jeopardize the public health of humans and animals and cause food security issues. The inefficacy of most preventive measures to control the production of fungi in foods and feeds during the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages incited interest in the mitigation of these mycotoxins that can be conducted by the application of various chemical, physical, and/or biological treatments. These treatments are implemented separately or through a combination of two or more treatments simultaneously or subsequently. The reduction rates of the methods differ greatly, as do their effect on the organoleptic attributes, nutritional quality, and the environment. This critical review aims at summarizing the latest studies related to the mitigation of mycotoxins in solid foods and feeds. It discusses and evaluates the single and combined mycotoxin reduction treatments, compares their efficiency, elaborates on their advantages and disadvantages, and sheds light on the treated foods or feeds, as well as on their environmental impact.

Destruction of Mycotoxins in Poultry Waste under Anaerobic Conditions within Methanogenesis Catalyzed by Artificial Microbial Consortia

“…The following mycotoxins are among those revealed in various feeds: AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1), OTA, ZEN, FUMs (FB1, FB2, FB3), patulin (PAT), and trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) [ 29 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

“…Electron irradiation, cold atmospheric plasma, pulsed electric fields, ozonation, and enzymatic hydrolysis are among the most promising innovative methods of detoxification of foods and feeds from aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FUMs), zearalenone (ZEN), and trichothecenes [ 10 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. However, from an economic point of view, it is impractical to use these approaches for the decomposition of mycotoxins in the litter.…”