Single subject controlled experiments in aphasia: The science and the state of the science

Thompson, Cynthia K.

doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.02.003

Cited by 84 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Across the ANCOVAs, more generalization was observed from relatively complex sentence structures (OR and PA) than from relatively simpler sentence structures (OC and UNACC). The pattern of greater instances of generalization from complex to simple structures than from simple to complex structures is consistent with prior treatment research examining the effects of complexity in syntactic (Thompson, 2001(Thompson, , 2006Thompson et al, 1993Thompson et al, , 1997Thompson et al, , 1998Thompson et al, , 2003 and semantic (Kiran, 2007(Kiran, , 2008Kiran, Sandberg, & Sebastian, 2011; therapies. Therefore, results add to the body of work in support of the CATE, which proposes that treatment targeting complex structures enhances generalization to relatively less complex structures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Evaluating Treatment and Generalization Patterns of Two Theoretically Motivated Sentence Comprehension Therapies

Roches

Vallila‐Rohter

Villard

et al. 2016

Am J Speech Lang Pathol

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Purpose The current study examined treatment outcomes and generalization patterns following 2 sentence comprehension therapies: object manipulation (OM) and sentence-to-picture matching (SPM). Findings were interpreted within the framework of specific deficit and resource reduction accounts, which were extended in order to examine the nature of generalization following treatment of sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia. Method Forty-eight individuals with aphasia were enrolled in 1 of 8 potential treatment assignments that varied by task (OM, SPM), complexity of trained sentences (complex, simple), and syntactic movement (noun phrase, wh -movement). Comprehension of trained and untrained sentences was probed before and after treatment using stimuli that differed from the treatment stimuli. Results Linear mixed-model analyses demonstrated that, although both OM and SPM treatments were effective, OM resulted in greater improvement than SPM. Analyses of covariance revealed main effects of complexity in generalization; generalization from complex to simple linguistically related sentences was observed both across task and across movement. Conclusions Results are consistent with the complexity account of treatment efficacy, as generalization effects were consistently observed from complex to simpler structures. Furthermore, results provide support for resource reduction accounts that suggest that generalization can extend across linguistic boundaries, such as across movement type.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In brief, a single-subject multiple-baseline design was used (Thompson, 2006). After completing screeners, all eligible participants completed three OM and SPM pretreatment baseline monitoring batteries.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Treatment and Generalization Patterns of Two Theoretically Motivated Sentence Comprehension Therapies

Roches

Vallila‐Rohter

Villard

et al. 2016

Am J Speech Lang Pathol

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“…This methodology allows researchers to examine acquisition and generalization patterns as they emerge during treatment (see Thompson, 2006). In all domains, the complexity effect is robust.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complexity in Language Learning and Treatment

Thompson

2007

Am J Speech Lang Pathol

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Purpose-To introduce a Clinical Forum focused on the Complexity Account of Treatment Efficacy (C. K. Thompson, L. P. Shapiro, S. Kiran, & J. Sobecks, 2003), a counterintuitive but effective approach for treating language disorders. This approach espouses training complex structures to promote generalized improvement of simpler, linguistically related structures. Three articles are included, addressing complexity in treatment of phonology, lexical-semantics, and syntax.Method-Complexity hierarchies based on models of normal language representation and processing are discussed in each language domain. In addition, each article presents single-subject controlled experimental studies examining the complexity effect. By counterbalancing treatment of complex and simple structures across participants, acquisition and generalization patterns are examined as they emerge.Results-In all language domains, cascading generalization occurs from more to less complex structures; however, the opposite pattern is rarely seen. The results are robust, with replication within and across participants.Conclusions-The construct of complexity appears to be a general principle that is relevant to treating a range of language disorders in both children and adults. While challenging the longstanding clinical notion that treatment should begin with simple structures, mounting evidence points toward the facilitative effects of using more complex structures as a starting point for treatment.

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“…ingle-case design, also called single-subject experimental design, is a widely used methodology in the study of interventions for communication disorders (Kearns, 1986;McReynolds & Kearns, 1983;McReynolds & Thompson, 1986;Robey, Schultz, Crawford, & Sinner, 1999;Thompson, 2006). The single-case design involves measuring a behavior before, during, and/or after treatment in an individual or small sample of individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The single-case design involves measuring a behavior before, during, and/or after treatment in an individual or small sample of individuals. A distinguishing characteristic of single-case design is the collection of multiple repeated measurements of a dependent variable within each subject (Horner & Odom, 2014;Thompson, 2006). Using these repeated measures, the design aims to demonstrate a functional or causal relationship between the application of an intervention and a change in the dependent variable.…”

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confidence: 99%

Masked Visual Analysis: Minimizing Type I Error in Visually Guided Single-Case Design for Communication Disorders

Byun

Hitchcock

Ferron

2017

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose Single-case experimental designs are widely used to study interventions for communication disorders. Traditionally, single-case experiments follow a response-guided approach, where design decisions during the study are based on participants' observed patterns of behavior. However, this approach has been criticized for its high rate of Type I error. In masked visual analysis (MVA), response-guided decisions are made by a researcher who is blinded to participants' identities and treatment assignments. MVA also makes it possible to conduct a hypothesis test assessing the significance of treatment effects. Method This tutorial describes the principles of MVA, including both how experiments can be set up and how results can be used for hypothesis testing. We then report a case study showing how MVA was deployed in a multiple-baseline across-subjects study investigating treatment for residual errors affecting rhotics. Strengths and weaknesses of MVA are discussed. Conclusions Given their important role in the evidence base that informs clinical decision making, it is critical for single-case experimental studies to be conducted in a way that allows researchers to draw valid inferences. As a method that can increase the rigor of single-case studies while preserving the benefits of a response-guided approach, MVA warrants expanded attention from researchers in communication disorders.

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Single subject controlled experiments in aphasia: The science and the state of the science

Cited by 84 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluating Treatment and Generalization Patterns of Two Theoretically Motivated Sentence Comprehension Therapies

Evaluating Treatment and Generalization Patterns of Two Theoretically Motivated Sentence Comprehension Therapies

Complexity in Language Learning and Treatment

Masked Visual Analysis: Minimizing Type I Error in Visually Guided Single-Case Design for Communication Disorders

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