Single-step synthesis of carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles in arc plasma and potential biomedical applications

Fang, Xiuqi; Cheng, Xiaoqian; Zhang, Yue-Rou; Zhang, Lijie Grace; Keidar, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.015

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…reported that CEMN exert excellent cyto-compatibility upto 0.1 mg/ml concentration; however significant cytotoxicity was observed beyond 1 mg/ml concentration to human breast adenocarcinoma cell-line [16]. In this paper, we investigated cyto-compatibility response of the two most important CEMN samples, CEMN-P and CEMN-AS-O2:0.5 on mouse fibroblast cell line L929 using MTT assay.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Size-controlled synthesis is the vital issue here, because CEMN smaller than the corresponding domain sizes (15 nm for iron) only may demonstrate superparamagnetic behavior [12][13][14][15][16]. It is therefore important to be able to synthesize smallest sizes with an essentially narrow dispersion, because the product may demonstrate the smooth variation of their magnetic properties with size only when individual samples are synthesized with sufficiently narrow size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of finest superparamagnetic carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles by a plasma expansion method for biomedical applications

Sarma

Aomoa

Sarmah

et al. 2018

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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This paper demonstrates fine size-controlled synthesis of superparamagnetic carbonencapsulated iron nanoparticles, by a supersonic plasma jet assisted rapid, bulk-production process, by manipulation of the pressure in the sample collection chamber. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle x-ray scattering measurements confirmed the formation of single-crystals with a narrow size distribution, having core average size of 5.0 nanometer and encapsulated by an ultrathin carbon coating, for sub-mbar pressure. VSM and Mossbauer characterization established the nanocrystallites to be superparamagnetic in nature, with saturation magnetization 67 emu/g and coercive field 7.4 Oe. Controlled plasma heating during synthesis led to the burning down of extra carbon that resulted in further enhancement of the magnetization of the product. Graphitization of the encapsulating layers also enhanced, which could successfully protect the metallic core from oxidation, as well as improved its cyto-compatibility. This purified sample could be ideal for targeted drugs delivery and water treatment applications. Another sample was processed through controlled reaction with oxygen, the as-synthesized sample having magnetic properties approaching that of the first sample, which may be more attractive especially for water treatment processes because of the simpler single-step processing of the material.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of finest superparamagnetic carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles by a plasma expansion method for biomedical applications

Sarma

Aomoa

Sarmah

et al. 2018

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Graphite has inert characteristics, low toxicity, stable mechanical and thermal properties, and biocompatibility (Du et al, 2014). The other compound containing iron with magnetic properties is the iron oxide of Fe3O4, which has been proven to be biocompatible in bioapplications, especially when combined with carbon material (Fang, Cheng, Zhang, Zhang, & Keidar, 2018;Wang et al, 2018). Some methods that have been used to synthesize iron oxide/carbon (Fe3O4/C)-based materials include the solvothermal method (Ren, Lin, Meng, & Zhang, 2019;Vinodhkumar et al, 2020), the hydrothermal method (Li et al, 2019), and the arc discharge method (Peggiani et al, 2020;Saraswati, Retnosari, Hayati, Amalia, & Hastuti, 2018;Zhao et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Carbon-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles (CMNs) Produced by Submerged Arc Discharge in Liquid Ethanol/Ethylenediamine

Mayasari

Kuswari

Lestari

et al. 2021

Molekul

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Surface modification of covalently amine-attached carbon-based magnetic nanoparticles (CMNs) can be produced quite simply in submerged arc discharge using the amine-containing liquid medium ethylenediamine (ED), resulting in CMNs-ED. However, after the arc discharge processing, the resulting nanoparticles possibly contain physically absorbed amine-containing molecules from a liquid medium on the particle surface. To remove the non-covalently bound molecules, a purification process is required. In this study, the purification was conducted using polar and non-polar solvents following the synthesis process. The surface property was initially characterized by a dispersion test in water, showing that CMNs-ED purified by water have better dispersion than CMNs produced in ethanol alone, CMNs-ED before purification, and CMNs-ED after purification by immersion in toluene. Before and after purification, the diffraction pattern showed definitive peaks corresponded to the crystal planes of C(002), Fe3C(220), and Fe3O4(311) at 26.51°, 44.65°, and 35.42°, respectively. The amine functional group on the nanoparticles before purification thought to come from decomposed ethylenediamine assigned by the vibration peaks appeared at a wavenumbers ~3400 cm-1 and 1020-1220 cm-1, which corresponds to N-H and C-N, respectively. After purification, the vibration peaks of amine groups were still observable, indicating that the amine groups were still covalently attached to the nanoparticles. Magnetic analysis showed that CMNs before and after purification have superparamagnetic properties, with the magnetic saturation value around 10-17 emu/g. The electron microscope images show that the CMNs-ED before purification have a spherical form with a diameter larger than CMNs-ED after purification.

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“…Remote control of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (MNPs) by means of electromagnetic fields, unique physical properties, nontoxic nature, ease of synthesis, and facile surface modification have supplied attractive biomedical applications for them as therapeutic agents − and in environmental separation techniques. − The tendency of MNPs toward aggregation and oxidization, due to their large surface to volume and dipolar moment, will limit their practical usage . This will be more critical in bio-based systems because of agglomeration and probable blood vessel blockage. , Functionalization or deposition of inert shells on the MNP surface preserves MNPs against aggregation and oxidization and also enhances their colloidal and chemical stability and even biocompatibility .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Release and Photothermal Behavior of Multipurpose Nanocomposite Particles Containing Encapsulated Gold-Decorated Magnetite and 5-FU in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)

Rad

Alinejad

Khoei

et al. 2019

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Nowadays, many research studies have been conducted to prepare multidisciplinary probes in drug delivery systems and cancer therapy with high performance and minimum side effects. Here, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanocomposite particles containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gold-decorated magnetite nanoparticles with a raspberry-like morphology were designed and prepared as a novel and anticancer probe. For this reason, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a coprecipitation method and modified with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane for the deposition of gold nanoparticles. Then, they were embedded in the PLGA matrix alone and accompanied by 5-FU with 92 and 88% loading efficiencies, respectively, through a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method. Chemical structure and composition of the prepared samples in each step were completely characterized by several techniques. The morphology of the nanocomposite particles was assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction patterns, and their particle size and colloidal stability after 1 week were evaluated by dynamic light scattering. Because of the coexistence of gold and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, the final probe provided enhanced dual magneto and photothermal responses by increasing the temperature up to 42.7 °C under 5 min external alternating magnetic field and to 42.1 °C within just 1 min near-infrared irradiation at 808 nm. Trypan blue dye exclusion assays showed that they are biocompatible with reasonable toxicity (IC50 of 0.62 mg/mL) with respect to DU145 prostate cancer cells. Drug release profile of the 5-FU-loaded nanocomposite particles demonstrated their controlled release at 37 °C in phosphate-buffered saline solution. These indicate multidisciplinary characteristics of such particles in cancer therapy by photothermal, magnetic hyperthermia, and chemotherapy according to the presence of various active components.

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Single-step synthesis of carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles in arc plasma and potential biomedical applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Synthesis of finest superparamagnetic carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles by a plasma expansion method for biomedical applications

Synthesis of finest superparamagnetic carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles by a plasma expansion method for biomedical applications

Purification of Carbon-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles (CMNs) Produced by Submerged Arc Discharge in Liquid Ethanol/Ethylenediamine

Controlled Release and Photothermal Behavior of Multipurpose Nanocomposite Particles Containing Encapsulated Gold-Decorated Magnetite and 5-FU in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)

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