Single-step colloidal quantum dot films for infrared solar harvesting

Kiani, Amirreza; Sutherland, Brandon R.; Kim, Young-Hoon; Ouellette, Olivier; Levina, Larissa; Walters, Grant; Dinh, Cao-Thang; Liu, Mengxia; Voznyy, Oleksandr; Lan, Xinzheng; Labelle, André J.; Ip, Alexander H.; Proppe, Andrew H.; Ahmed, Ghada H.; Mohammed, Omar F.; Hoogland, Sjoerd; Sargent, Edward H.

doi:10.1063/1.4966217

Cited by 56 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This CQD ink is then deposited in a single step (as opposed to LbL deposition) to obtain QD films of the required thickness and uniformity. While MAI, sodium iodide (NaI) [204] and PbI 2 [207] have been used as iodine sources, a mixture of PbI 2 /PbBr 2 /ammonium acetate (NH 4 Ac) has shown the best results leading to PbS QDSCs with PCEs of 11.28% [193] and 11.6% [192].…”

Section: Quantum Dot Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Small Beginnings Have Large Impacts

2018

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From a niche field over 30 years ago, quantum dots (QDs) have developed into viable materials for many commercial optoelectronic devices. We discuss the advancements in Pb-based QD solar cells (QDSCs) from a viewpoint of the pathways an excited state can take when relaxing back to the ground state. Systematically understanding the fundamental processes occurring in QDs has led to improvements in solar cell efficiency from ~3% to over 13% in 8 years. We compile data from ~200 articles reporting functioning QDSCs to give an overview of the current limitations in the technology. We find that the open circuit voltage limits the device efficiency and propose some strategies for overcoming this limitation.

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Section: Quantum Dot Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Small Beginnings Have Large Impacts

2018

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“…However, these approaches are undesired for a large-size IR CQD film where the charge carrier transport become more important. Undesirable organic residues on the CQD surface can lead to a loosely-packed CQD film morphology resulting in poor charge transport and device performance [61][62][63].…”

Section: Acid-assisted Ligand Exchange For Infrared Quantum Dotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the solution-phase ligand exchange methods optimized for small-diameter PbS CQDs, the ligand exchange of native oleic acid ligands to lead halide anions occur mainly on the polar (111) facets of Pb-abundant sites with the assistance of ammonium NH 4 + cations [64]. However, this approach is not applicable for large-diameter PbS CQDs showing a large fraction of (100) facets [46,61]. These large-diameter PbS CQDs are easily aggregated and even fuse during the ligand exchange step because on (100) facets, the oleic acid ligands are easily removed by polar solvents.…”

Section: A Facet-specific Quantum Dot Passivation Strategy For Infrarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress in Surface Ligand Exchange of PbS Quantum Dots for Solar Cell Application

et al. 2020

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Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are considered as next-generation semiconductors owing to their tunable optical and electrical properties depending on their particle size and shape. The characteristics of CQDs are mainly governed by their surface chemistry, and the ligand exchange process plays a crucial role in determining their surface states. Worldwide studies toward the realization of high-quality quantum dots have led to advances in ligand exchange methods, and these procedures are usually carried out in either solid-state or solution-phase. In this article, we review recent advances in solid-state and solution-phase ligand exchange processes that enhance the performance and stability of lead sulfide (PbS) CQD solar cells, including infrared (IR) CQD photovoltaics.

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“…These facts give rise to chemical differences of the facets, and in turn to size‐dependent chemical properties of the CQDs. The most observable consequence of the size difference is the possibility to stabilize iodide‐capped 2.9 nm PbS CQDs in n ‐butylamine, and the impossibility thereof using 4.6 nm particles . Consequently, the ink formulation has to be adjusted to the particle size and shape.…”

Section: Assembly Of Cqd Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead‐Chalcogenide Colloidal‐Quantum‐Dot Solids: Novel Assembly Methods, Electronic Structure Control, and Application Prospects

Balazs

Loi

2018

Advanced Materials

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Colloidal particles are formed and stabilized by surrounding the core with a surfactant shell that keeps the CQDs isolated and prevents charge transport though the arrays. [6] Replacing this shell by shorter molecules, so-called ligands, decreases the interparticle distance and increases the electronic coupling. This is thus a crucial step in forming conductive, practically relevant assemblies.Most early studies relied on a repetitive, layer-by-layer deposition and ligand exchange of CQDs to achieve thick conductive films, a method that resulted in the demonstration of field effect transistors and solar cells of noteworthy performances. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, this technique only allows for limited control of the nanostructure and is not suitable for upscaling. The last few years brought several improvements in controlling the properties of CQD thin films with focus on both applications and the underlying science. [16,17] Current solar cells and transistors based on CQD arrays are on par with or better than the semiconducting polymer-based devices, showing the true prospects of these materials. [18][19][20] The most interesting feature of CQD solids is their enormous specific surface area; around one third of the atoms of a few nanometer CQDs are located at the surface, experiencing lower coordination than in bulk. Changing the dielectric or chemical environment thus has a significant effect on the overall properties. Much research has been conducted into this direction as well, leading to the ability to design the properties for applications.Here, we aim to show the most recent developments, put these results in perspective, and identify the limiting factors that limit further improvement in device performance. We focus on lead chalcogenides as they have been the subject of a variety of approaches to form solids, mainly because of their prospects in solar cell applications. However, the fundamental findings reported are valid for CQDs in general, and most methods can be used for other types of semiconductor nanocrystals as well. Although, numerous studies discuss the unique optical properties of CQDs, we have chosen to avoid their discussion here to be able to focus on the fabrication, electronic properties, and applications of CQD assemblies. In Section 2, two novel directions in sample fabrication of lead-chalcogenide CQD assemblies are discussed. The first one, the solution-phase ligand exchange, is relevant for mass production of devices, while the other, the self-assembly, is important for creating arrays with controlled nanostructure and order. Related to the difference in The quest for novel semiconductors with easy, cheap fabrication and tailorable properties has led to the development of several classes of materials, such as semiconducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, hybrid perovskites, and colloidal quantum dots. All these candidates can be processed from the liquid phase, enabling easy fabrication, and are suitable for different electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, rece...

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Single-step colloidal quantum dot films for infrared solar harvesting

Abstract: Influence of the absorber layer thickness and rod length on the performance of three-dimensional nanorods thin film hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 113, 163106 (2013)

Cited by 56 publications

References 21 publications

Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Small Beginnings Have Large Impacts

Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Small Beginnings Have Large Impacts

Recent Research Progress in Surface Ligand Exchange of PbS Quantum Dots for Solar Cell Application

Lead‐Chalcogenide Colloidal‐Quantum‐Dot Solids: Novel Assembly Methods, Electronic Structure Control, and Application Prospects

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