Single standard substance for the determination of nine volatile components in the distillate of Fructus Gardeniae and Radix Curcumae (an intermediate of Xingnaojing Injection)

Abstract

Xingnaojing Injection is a traditional Chinese medicine extensively used for stroke and cerebral ischemia. For better in-process quality control of Xingnaojing Injection, a method for the analysis of its intermediate (i.e., the distillate of Fructus Gardeniae and Radix Curcumae) is needed to monitor and optimize the hydrodistillation extraction process. In this work, nine major volatile components in the intermediate were identified: isophorone, 4-methylene-isophorone, curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone, furanodienone, curcumol, and germacrone. A quantitative analysis of multi-component with a single-marker method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the nine components. In this method, only curdione was needed as the reference substance, and the other eight components were determined using their relative correction factors to curdione. In the method validation, good linearity (r > 0.9999), sensitivity, repeatability, and accuracy (recoveries within 95.3-105.4%) were shown. The repeatability and robustness of the relative correction factors were studied with different column temperatures, flow rates, detection wavelengths, columns, and instruments. In sample analyses, consistent results between the proposed method and the external standard method were shown. The proposed method provides a comprehensive and low-cost tool for the quality assessment of the intermediate of Xingnaojing Injection.

Curcumol: From Plant Roots to Cancer Roots

“…Rhizome of various Curcuma species, a rich source of curcumol, serves as antimicrobial, antifibrotic, and anticancer agent [32][33][34]. Besides them, curcumol has also been isolated from the roots of Astragali radix, C. rhizoma, and Fructus gardenia which are traditionally used as anticancer agents [35,36].…”

“…The summary of plants containing curcumol and biological activities are enlisted in Table 1. Figure 1 provides natural sources of curcumol including Astragali radix [36], C. aeruginosae [20], C. aromatica [21], C. kwangsiensis [22], C. longa [37], C. phaeocaulis [24], C. wenyujin [38], C. zedoary [28], Fructus gardenia [35], and C. trichosantha G. [39].…”

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency

“…The concentrations of the five compounds of interest in the distillate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (Fang et al, 2017), which was carried out on Waters e2695 …”

“…The concentrations of the five compounds of interest in the distillate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (Fang et al, 2017), which was carried out on Waters e2695 Six mixed standard solutions were used as the calibration series, in which the concentrations were 18.1, 7.24, 3.62, 1.81, 0.724 and 0.362 lg mL À1 for curcumenone, 62.6, 25.0, 12.5, 6.26, 2.50 and 1.25 lg mL À1 for curcumenol, 81.2, 32.5, 16.2, 8.12, 3.25 and 1.62 lg mL À1 for curdione, 49.5, 19.8, 9.91, 4.95, 1.98 and 0.991 lg mL À1 for curzerenone, and 24.0, 9.60, 4.80, 2.40, 0.960 and 0.480 lg mL À1 for furanodienone, respectively.…”

Validation and application of a novel UHPLC–MS/MS method for the measurement of furanodienone in rat plasma

“…Although several methods have been developed for analysis of furanodienone in plant extracts (Fang, Yang, Ge, Bai, & Yan, 2017;Yang et al, 2005;Yang, Li, Zhao, Lao, & Wang, 2007;Yang, Wang, & Li, 2006;Yin et al, 2018), limitations to these methods still preclude their implementation in pharmacokinetic studies. Yang et al and Fang et al reported a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array for the determination of furanodienone along with other compounds with a limit of quantiation (LOQ) of 1.92-2.72 ng (Fang et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2006), and this method, owing to its poor selectivity and long run times (40 min), is not a high-throughput bioanalysis of furanodienone. Yang et al developed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of nine sesquiterpenoids in three species of Curcuma rhizomes (Yang et al, 2007).…”