Single stage aqueous two-phase extraction for monoclonal antibody purification from cell supernatant

Polyethylene glycol 8000+ citrate salts aqueous two-phase systems: Relative hydrophobicity of the equilibrium phases

“…Based on this interesting feature, the importance and applicability of ATPSs have significantly increased. Nowadays ATPSs are considered a powerful extraction technique with application in the separation and recovery of several biological compounds such as enzymes [2], cells [3], virus [4], antibodies [5], DNA or RNA [6]. Since their discovery, many ATPSs have been described and characterized.…”

Investigation of interfacial properties of aqueous two-phase systems by density gradient theory

“…Based on the Density Gradient Theory by Cahn and Hilliard [31] and Poser and Sanchez [4], Grunert et al [45,46] have developed the modified version for ternary liquid-liquid equilibria. In the framework of Density Gradient Theory [18,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], the interfacial tension is assumed to be proportional to the integral over the grand thermodynamic potential.…”

“…Advantages of ATPS as extraction systems are that both phases mainly consist of water, a low interfacial tension resulting in low mechanical stress on the proteins during extraction process and a tailored partitioning of proteins. In recent years there has been much effort on the establishment of ATPS for industrial application [3,4], but the industrial applications are still rare. One drawback for the downstream process design using ATPS is the large experimental effort to choose an appropriate ATPS for an extraction process regarding phase behavior of ATPS, partitioning of proteins and interfacial tension.…”

Hyperbranched polymers as phase forming components in aqueous two-phase extraction

“…He recognized the large potential of ATPS for the separation and purification of biomolecules and used aqueous two-phase extraction for the separation of cell organelles and proteins [5]. The industrial application of ATPS consisting of a hydrophilic salt as a phosphate and a hydrophilic polymer as polyethylene glycol has been heretofore considered for the extraction of biomolecules [6][7][8]. However, salt ions can have a salting-out effect on less polar protein molecules resulting in the lowered protein solubility in ATPS containing salts and in protein aggregation [9].…”