Single-shot phase imaging based on transport of intensity equation

Dual-view transport of intensity phase imaging devices for quantitative phase microscopy applications

“…Therefore, intensity calibration and FoV compensation are required to improve phase retrieval accuracy. Besides the mentioned dual-camera tactic, a series of single-camera-based systems [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] have also been reported to simultaneously capture multi-focus images for real-time quantitative phase imaging. These single-camera-based systems avoid the non-consistency problem, but they suffer from limited FoVs and require complicated and expensive setups.…”

Combining digital holography and transport of intensity equation for quantitative phase imaging: a review

“…Some of the applications already reported in literature include digital holographic microscopy, tomography, threedimensional data acquisition, optical information security, elimination of quadratic phase aberration, and removing the artifacts caused due to low light conditions. Various optical geometries such as single-shot imaging have been reported for TIE where multiple acquisition is discarded with this technique [42]. A Michelson interferometer set-up with a light emitting diode as a light source has been used.…”

“…The mirrors used in the set-up are slightly tilted for obtaining two laterally separated defocused images as a single-shot to the detector. Hence, the experimental set-up used in Ref [42] eliminates the requirement of any costly optical device such as spatial light modulator. Further, a composite method of TIE-based phase imaging has been reported for broad range of spatial frequency recovery [43].…”

Phase retrieval algorithm for the reconstruction of scattered images for visible and X-ray light sources

“…From a mathematical perspective, the magnitude of the spatial Fourier spectrum of the object is derivable from its autocorrelation, though this process results in the loss of phase information. Fortunately, powerful phase retrieval algorithms (PRAs), such as Gerchberg–Saxton, 17 error reduction (ER), 18 hybrid input-output (HIO), 18 semi-definite programming, 19 algorithm based on the transport of intensity equation, 20 and spectral methods, 21 as well as the combined HIO-ER algorithm and others, effectively reconstruct the lost phase distribution. PRAs are iterative methods applied in both the spatial and Fourier domains, and they can employ priori information as constraints (e.g., real and nonnegative, 18 total variation, 6 and non-zero pixel (NNP) 22 constraints).…”