Single radial complement fixation test for assaying antibody to influenza virus type-specific antigens

Yamane, Nobuhisa; Yuki, Masahiro; Nakamura, Yutaka

doi:10.1128/jcm.18.4.837-843.1983

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…CF assays, first developed in 1909 for syphilis diagnosis and then perfected in subsequent decades for general use in virology, use the properties of the innate immune system in which the complement in the serum interacts with antigen-antibody complexes and does not interact with sensitized red blood cells, which remain unlysed [33]. CF assays will report more accurately for patients that have received an influenza vaccine and have developed antibodies against envelope proteins, which renders HAI tests unreliable for detecting influenza infection [34][35][36]. EIAs first developed in the 1960s are versatile and widely used methods for virus detection based on the interaction of antigen-antibody, which has also been commonly applied for influenza detection.…”

Section: History Of Laboratory Diagnosis Of Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Gene Targets and Technology in Influenza Detection

Malanoski

Lin

2013

Mol Diagn Ther

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Influenza viruses cause recurring epidemic outbreaks every year associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research and surveillance efforts to control influenza outbreaks, the primary mitigation treatment for influenza is the development of yearly vaccine mixes targeted for the most prevalent virus strains. Consequently, the focus of many detection technologies has evolved toward accurate identification of subtype and understanding the evolution and molecular determinants of novel and pathogenic forms of influenza. The recent availability of potential antiviral treatments are only effective if rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for influenza epidemic management are available; thus, early detection of influenza infection is still important for prevention, containment, patient management, and infection control. This review discusses the current and emerging technologies for detection and strain identification of influenza virus and their specific gene targets, as well as their implications in patient management.

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Section: History Of Laboratory Diagnosis Of Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Gene Targets and Technology in Influenza Detection

Malanoski

Lin

2013

Mol Diagn Ther

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“…4 This biochemical property has been utilized to develop the CFT for testing biomarkers of infectious and autoimmune diseases. [5][6][7] As illustrated in Fig. 1, the CFT assay includes two systems: the sampler and indicator systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining complement fixation and luminol chemiluminescence for ultrasensitive detection of avian influenza A rH7N9

Shi

et al. 2016

Analyst

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The complement fixation test (CFT) is a serological test that can be used to detect the presence of either a specific antibody or antigen to diagnose infections. In a conventional CFT, the assay result is determined by observing the clarity of the reaction solution or the sediment of red cells by the naked eye. Although the assay conditions are thereafter simplified, the sensitivity of the assay would be sacrificed due to the limitation of bulk observation. Inspired by the forensic scientists to examine blood at the scene of the crime, we rationally argued that the luminol chemiluminescence (CL) reaction could be applied in the CFT to sense physiological complement-mediated haemolytic phenomena for sensitive protein detection. The combination of the CFT and the luminol CL system was demonstrated in detection of rH7N9, a recombinant avian influenza virus protein. The testing can be accomplished within 2.5 h and the linear detection range covers 0.25 fg mL(-1) to 25 ng mL(-1). The feasibility of the CL based CFT in assaying a real biopsy was successfully demonstrated by specifically detecting rH7N9 and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human serum. This new type of protein detection approach inherits the beauty of complement-mediated assay, such as being fast, and no protein immobilization, blocking and washing. In addition, the participation of luminol CL enables us to quantitatively analyse the intensity of a haemeolysis process, ameliorating the limitation of bulk observation in traditional CFT. It is anticipated that the luminol CL-CFT assay would be particularly suitable for investigation of small molecules, toxins, and short peptides.

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“…In addition, CFT is useful in veterinary practices [10]. Compared with other serological tests such as enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IF), although with an intermediate sensitivity, the merits of CFT over other assays are that costly conjugates are not 5 needed, ease of reading and interpreting results, high specificity, and good reproducibility [7,8,[11][12][13]. Specifically, no protein immobilization, washing and blocking steps were involved in CFT.…”

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confidence: 99%