Single nanowires (NWs), as a kind of new surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, have received extensive concern owing to their distinctive properties and distinct advantages. In this contribution, single Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and single Au-coated AgNWs (Ag@AuNWs) were fabricated by the laser-assisted pulling method and the galvanic replacement reaction, respectively. The prepared single Ag@AuNWs show both high SERS activity and catalytic activity through in situ monitoring and assessing the plasmon-driven surface-catalytic reaction of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) dimerizing to 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene and the reduction reaction of 4-NTP to paraaminothiophenol, respectively. It was found that the intensity of the Raman peak was affected greatly by the laser power, and the Raman peak could still be observed at 0.05% power under mild conditions (633 nm wavelength) in this single nanowire system. From the Raman spectrum, the SERS enhancement factor (EF) of 5.4 × 10 4 can be obtained, and the EF value of 1.3 × 10 9 can be reached at optimal conditions. Results have shown that single Ag@AuNWs can be utilized as a good platform for SERS applications with high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility, which will benefit SERS-based research at the single entity level.