Single pilot IFR autopilot complexity/benefit tradeoff study

Bergeron, H. P.

doi:10.2514/6.1980-1869

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The new technology had been associated with an increase in pilot errors, such as incorrect altitudes. [20] found that the majority of errors could be attributed to the interface of the technology for the pilot, and when the pilot interface was changed in line with research findings, errors were significantly reduced [21].…”

Section: B Tbo Graceful Degradation: a Research Gapsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…[6] points out that the vast enabling technology and advanced automation tools for TBO are routinely designed without significant attention to the human-machine interface, resulting in the potential for human error and performance-related incidents. An example of this situation can be seen in an investigation of a newly developed autopilot technology for a flight deck [20]. The new technology had been associated with an increase in pilot errors, such as incorrect altitudes.…”

Section: B Tbo Graceful Degradation: a Research Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Designing Graceful Degradation into Trajectory Based Operations: A Human-Machine System Integration Approach

Edwards

Lee

2017

17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference

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One of the most fundamental changes to the air traffic management system in NextGen is the concept of trajectory based operations (TBO). With the introduction of fundamental change, system safety and resilience is a critical concern, in particular, the ability of systems to 'degrade gracefully'. In order to design graceful degradation into a TBO envrionment, knowledge of the potential causes of degradation and appropriate solutions is required. Previous research has predominantly explored the technological contribution to graceful degradation, frequently neglecting to consider the role of the human operators in an environment in which humans, especially air traffic controllers, play a safety critical role. In addition, the environmental context in which the technological or human breakdowns occur also play a critical role in how well the system can degrade gracefully, which is also neglected in the literature. These oversights are out of step with real-world operations, and potentially limit an ecologically valid understanding of achieving graceful degradation in an air traffic control environment. Therefore, an integration approach to the human-machine system must be applied in order to achieve graceful degradation. The following literature review aims to identify and summarize the literature to date on the potential causes of degradation in air traffic control and the solutions that may be applied within a TBO context, with a specific focus on the contribution of the air traffic controller. A framework of graceful degradation, developed from the literature, is presented. The framework encompasses the potential impact of technology or human operator breakdown, as well as the complexity of the air traffic environment at the time of the breakdown, and categorizes them into different phases of detection and recovery. The aim of the framework is to develop research questions and design solutions to develop a resilient TBO system and procedures using a holistic view of human-machine system integration.

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Section: B Tbo Graceful Degradation: a Research Gapsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: B Tbo Graceful Degradation: a Research Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Designing Graceful Degradation into Trajectory Based Operations: A Human-Machine System Integration Approach

Edwards

Lee

2017

17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference

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“…Bergeron (1981) noted that pilots working with increased levels of automation in an autopilot were more likely to lose track of where they were. This was at least partially attributed to complacency, which allowed the pilots to become absorbed in other tasks.…”

Section: Loss Of Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Out-of-the-Loop Performance Problem and Level of Control in Automation

1995

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The out-of-the-loop performance problem, a major potential consequence of automation, leaves operators of automated systems handicapped in their ability to take over manual operations in the event of automation failure. This is attributed to a possible loss of skills and of situation awareness (SA) arising from vigilance and complacency problems, a shift from active to passive information processing, and change in feedback provided to the operator. We studied the automation of a navigation task using an expert system and demonstrated that low SA corresponded with out-of-the-loop performance decrements in decision time following a failure of the expert system. Level of operator control in interacting with automation is a major factor in moderating this loss of SA. Results indicated that the shift from active to passive processing was most likely responsible for decreased SA under automated conditions.

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“…The accident rate in general aviation is considerably higher than in commercial aviation or air transport operations, with the slow introduction of new technologies highlighted as a potential contributing factor (Bergeron, 1980; Northcutt, 2013). Understanding why technology uptake in general aviation has been relatively lower is therefore an area worthy of investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions With Technology in the Cockpit

Walmsley

Gilbey

2023

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors

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Technological advancements have resulted in significant safety benefits in commercial aviation; however, in general aviation their adoption has been somewhat slow. It is therefore important to understand how pilots interact with technology, particularly in general aviation. This study explored whether the affect heuristic influenced pilots’ perceptions of the benefits and risks of five cockpit technologies available in general aviation, with a particular focus on technologies that may assist weather-related decision-making. Evidence from a series of scenario-based tasks suggests that the perceived risks and benefits of the technology were associated with pilot affect, whereby positive feelings toward a given technology were associated with a lower perceived risk, such as accidentally flying into adverse weather, and higher perceived benefits, such as helping to maintain control while completing concurrent tasks. Findings also suggest that affect and perceived risks can be manipulated by negatively framed prior information. The practical implications of the effect of the affect heuristic on the successful introduction of new technologies and the promotion of safety initiatives in general are discussed.

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Single pilot IFR autopilot complexity/benefit tradeoff study

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Towards Designing Graceful Degradation into Trajectory Based Operations: A Human-Machine System Integration Approach

Towards Designing Graceful Degradation into Trajectory Based Operations: A Human-Machine System Integration Approach

The Out-of-the-Loop Performance Problem and Level of Control in Automation

Interactions With Technology in the Cockpit

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