Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Studies with &lt;sup&gt;99m&lt;/sup&gt;Tc-Hexamethylpropyleneamine Oxime in Dementia: Effects of Acute Administration of L-Acetylcarnitine

Battistin, Leontino; Pizzolato, Gilberto; M, Dam; Col, C Da; Perlotto, N; Saitta, B.; Borsato, N; Calvani, Menotti; Ferlin, G

doi:10.1159/000116423

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This suggests that in Alzheimer's disease, whatever neurones remain are responsive to cholinergic stimulation. Similar findings had been reported by Battistin et al (1989), and are reported by Hunter et al (199 1) who propose the use of regional cerebral blood flow as an 'ideal biological measure of pharmacodynamic effect'. In a study of obsessive compulsive disorder using HMPAO SPET (HoehnSaric e f al., 1991), lowering of abnormal medial frontal hyperperfusion was reported in six drugfree patients being treated with fluoxetine.…”

Section: Clinical Studiessupporting

confidence: 87%

The value of single photon emission tomography in psychopharmacology

Moriarty

1994

Human Psychopharmacology

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Functional neuroimaging with SPET and PET offers the opportunity to visualize brain function either in terms of blood flow and metabolism or receptor function using specific ligands. SPET is a more widely available and cheaper technology than PET. Continuously developing and being refined, this technology will help the understanding of brain function generally and of brain dysfunction in psychiatric disorders specifically. SPET may also be used to study how these measures of brain function change with pharmacological intervention. Receptor imaging allows the study of drug-receptor interactions in vivo. As yet, the precise role and value of these techniques have not been established, but they do provide complementary tools to structural imaging and may ultimately provide prognostic information and facilitate refinement of the pharmacotherapeutic rationale underlying clinical practice.KEY WORDS-Imaging, psychiatry, receptors, blood flow. INTRODUCTIONFunctional neuroimaging includes studies with radionuclides (either single photon or positron emitters) as well as more recently developed magnetic resonance imaging sequences and spectroscopy. With the use of tomography to construct threedimensional images, we thus have two main types of emission tomography: single photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET). Although PET has greater spatial resolution, clinical applications of SPET may be more practicable because of its wider availability and lower cost. With PET and SPET, we can visualize certain brain functions, namely blood flow, metabolism and neurotransmission.Psychopharmacology, by improving our understanding of ligandheceptor interactions, has as its ultimate goal the modification of pathological behaviours using drug treatments. Potential drug treatments are initially evaluated using animal models and then must be explored in humans and finally in the clinical setting. The most important measure of a pharmacological action will be clinical, that is its effect on behaviour. It is not always clear, however, how these clinical effects correlate with drug action at receptor level; the exact relationship between the neuropharmacology of a drug and its psychopharmacology is often ill defined. Thus, although we may well know the psychopharmacological profile of a drug, its effects on normal and abnormal behaviours, that knowledge is likely to have come about serendipitously. If we understood better the physiology and pharmacology of behaviour, and at the molecular level of those drugs which treat pathological behaviours, we could better develop drugs with specific behavioural effects. Any technological or conceptual advance which would allow us to examine the relationship between a drug's psychopharmacology and its neuropharmacology in more detail would help us in the development of such 'designer drugs'. Functional neuroimaging with Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPET) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) offers such an advance. BACKGROUNDThe 1970s saw the advent of tomography for ...

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Section: Clinical Studiessupporting

confidence: 87%

The value of single photon emission tomography in psychopharmacology

Moriarty

1994

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…This tendency was confirmed by the separate analysis of correlation in the severe (MMSE between 0 and 15) 18 Robert/Migneco/Darcourt/Ricq/Aubin/ Bonhomme/Pringuey/Lapalus/Darcourt 99mTc-HMPAO Brain Uptake and Severity of Dementia The method of analysis we used differs from other studies [13][14][15][16][17], since the analysis uses anatomical stereo taxic data, allowing for localization of the precise anatom ical lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital) and to determine a functional temporoparietal region. In the majority of previous studies, ROIs were manually drawn making reference to a standard anatomical atlas [16,32,37], and used small areas: 16 pixels (4 X 4) [ 14], 81 pixels (9 X 9) [16], 9 pixels (3 X 3) [33]. 4 pixels (2 X 2) [19], Our method is automatic and applies on the total brain cortex, instead of only one or few transverse cuts and encompasses the total activity of each lobe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between <sup>99m</sup>Tc - HMPAO Brain Uptake and Severity of Dementia in Alzheimer's Disease: Assessment Using an Automatized Technique

Robert

Migneco

Darcourt

et al. 1992

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the degree of dementia and the regional brain distribution of ^99mTc-HMPAO in Alzheimer patients. Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used for deterioration evaluation. Regional cortical HMPAO uptake was analyzed by single photon emission tomography and an automatic technique for determination of lobe boundaries. Five regions were analyzed for each hemisphere: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and temporoparietal (TP). 39 patients satisfying the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable Alzheimer''s disease (AD) and 10 controls of comparable age were included. There is a significant correlation between MMSE and the HMPAO uptake of the right temporal region of interest (p < 0.001) and right TP (p < 0,01) and left TP (p < 0.05). However, the regression curve is nonlinear, showing a strong correlation for severe cases (MMSE < 15) and a weak correlation for moderate cases. Within the subgroup of severe AD (n = 21; mean MMSE = 8.5) linear correlations are observed for parietal and occipital (p < 0.05), temporal and TP (p < 0.01) ROIs, but only on the right side. There is no significant correlation among the moderate AD subgroup (n = 18; mean MMSE = 20). We conclude that the HMPAO uptake of temporal and TP regions of the right hemisphere is correlated to the degree of dementia among severely demented patients.

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“…Buckinghamshire. UK), as already reported [6]. Briefly, the subjects were resting with closed eyes in a quiet room while receiving a 900-MBq bolus of the tracer through an antecubilal vein.…”

Section: Evaluation O F Cerebral Blood Perfusion With "'"Tc-hmpao Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPECT Evaluation of Cerebral Perfusion in Uncomplicated Essential Hypertensives and Effects of Enalapril

Semplicini¹,

Meneghetti²,

Chierichetti

et al. 1994

Cerebrovasc Dis

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A semiquantitative evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow was performed by means of single photon emission computed tomography and ^99mTc-hexa-methylpropyleneamine oxime in 25 neurologically asymptomatic patients with essential hypertension and in 10 normotensive controls. Mean flow velocities and pulsatility indexes of intracranial arteries and the vasomotor reactivity of the middle cerebral artery after hyperventilation were assessed by means of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). The pattern of cerebral perfusion in hypertensive patients was similar to that of normotensive controls. However, the semiquantitative examination of the CBF flow maps revealed significantly different frontal, temporal and occipital asymmetry indexes in hypertensive patients, as an expression of disturbed perfusion. TCD did not reveal any significant difference in flow velocities between hypertensives and normotensive controls. In 10 randomly selected hypertensive patients the study was repeated after a 4-week oral treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril. Blood pressure fell significantly without any decrease in cerebral perfusion. The basal asymmetry index was also unaffected, confirming the absence of any steal effect. Thus, there are indications that focal hypoperfusion is a frequent finding among neurologically normal essential hypertensives and that the ACE inhibitor enalapril does not negatively affect cerebral blood flow in the asymptomatic essential hypertensive patients.

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Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Studies with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Hexamethylpropyleneamine Oxime in Dementia: Effects of Acute Administration of L-Acetylcarnitine

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

The value of single photon emission tomography in psychopharmacology

The value of single photon emission tomography in psychopharmacology

Correlation between <sup>99m</sup>Tc - HMPAO Brain Uptake and Severity of Dementia in Alzheimer's Disease: Assessment Using an Automatized Technique

SPECT Evaluation of Cerebral Perfusion in Uncomplicated Essential Hypertensives and Effects of Enalapril

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