Single Palladium Nanoparticle Collisions Detection through Chronopotentiometric Method: Introducing a New Approach to Improve the Analytical Signals

Abstract

In the present research, the chronopotentiometric method and hydrazine, as a suitable probe, were used to detect single Pd nanoparticle (Pd-NP) collisions to the surface of a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode (CFUME). The change in the potential, which is due to the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine exactly at the time of Pd-NP collision to the CFUME surface, was used to detect each collide. It was shown that the amplitude and the frequency of the potential steps, produced through the nanoparticles collisions at the CFUME surface, are respectively proportional to their radius and concentration in an analytical solution. For the first time, a new approach is introduced for extraction of current-time plots (chronoamperograms) from experimental potential-time plots (chronopotentiograms). It is demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) increases significantly based on the proposed method. Also, by using the chronoamperograms that resulted from the experimental chronopotentiograms, a higher number of collisions is achievable and, thus, the collision frequency, f, increases and the limit of detection decreases. Interestingly, the collision frequency resulted from the chronoamperograms, that has been derived from chronopotentiograms, is closer to the collision frequency calculated by using the theoretical model.

Chronoamperometric Observation and Analysis of Electrocatalytic Ability of Single Pd Nanoparticle for Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction Reaction

“…In previous studies, collision experiments with the Pd NP using the hydrazine oxidation reaction showed a “blip” response [ 26 ]. However, when the hydrogen peroxide reduction was used with a Pt NP, a “staircase” response was obtained similar to our result [ 3 ].…”

“…However, few studies at the single NP level have been reported for Pd NPs. Recently, Zare group reported firstly the collision of a single NP of Pd for the hydrazine oxidation reaction using a chronopotentiometric method [ 26 ].…”

Electropolymerization in a confined nanospace: synthesis of PEDOT nanoparticles in emulsion droplet reactors

“…Detection of stochastic collisions of nano-objects on an electrode has been a research topic of interest in recent years. [1][2][3] Since the first observation of hard nanoparticle collisions by implementation of ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs), 4 detection and statistical analysis of the electrode collisions of many types of nanoobjects were studied, including those of hard nanoparticles, [5][6][7][8] soft nanoparticles, [9][10][11] and biologically relevant entities. [12][13][14][15] More recent adaptations of the electrochemical collision research empowered scientists to utilize these stochastic collisions as a synthetic tool.…”

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine at Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Modified Carbon Nanotube through Single Nanoparticle Collision

“…Since the first reported observation of the single particle collision events through electrocatalytic amplification, this approach has been extensively applied to examine the correlation between particle structure and catalytic function . Significant progress has been made so far to elucidate the impact of collision-induced catalytic reactions and to understand the complex mass transfer of nanocatalysts as well. , The collision behaviors of a wide range of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles have been studied including platinum, gold, palladium, iridium oxide, or ruthenium oxide; the influence of several different ultramicroelectrodes (UME) such as carbon, gold, platinum, and mercury/platinum has also been explored. Nevertheless, there is no previous work on single carbon nanotube (CNT) collision, to the best of our knowledge, except one early attempt to attach gold nanoparticle tethered CNT on a platinum electrode …”