Using learning analytics to investigate and support collaborative learning has been explored for many years. Recently, automated approaches with various articial intelligence approaches have provided promising results for modelling and predicting student engagement and performance in collaborative learning tasks. However, due to the lack of transparency and interpretability caused by the use of "black box" approaches in learning analytics design and implementation, guidance for teaching and learning practice may become a challenge. On the one hand, the black box created by machine learning algorithms and models prevents users from obtaining educationally meaningful learning and teaching suggestions. On the other hand, focusing on group and cohort level analysis only can make it dicult to provide specic support for individual students working in collaborative groups. This paper proposes a transparent approach to automatically detect student's individual engagement in the process of collaboration. The results show that the proposed approach can reect student's individual engagement and can be used as an indicator to distinguish students with dierent collaborative learning challenges (cognitive, behavioural and emotional) and learning outcomes. The potential of the proposed collaboration analytics approach for scaolding collaborative learning practice in face-to-face contexts is discussed and future research suggestions are provided.
CCS CONCEPTS• Applied computing ! Education; Collaborative learning; • Human-centered computing ! Collaborative and social computing; Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing.