Single Metal Atom Photocatalysis

Wang, Bin; Cai, Hairui; Shen, Shaohua

doi:10.1002/smtd.201800447

Cited by 158 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…When reducing the thickness of 2D nanosheets to fewer or ultimately a single layer, the substrate with abundant active sites and surface defects from disordered lattices might achieve an exceptional photoelectrocatalytic performance of N 2 fixation . In addition, single atoms on substrate can serve as active sites by regulating their electronic properties in the photoelectrocatalytic reactions . More importantly, HER could be admirably suppressed during the catalytic process in photoelectrochemical systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advanced Materials for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Dinitrogen: One Step Closer to a Sustainable Energy Future

Yan

Xia

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

127

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Ammonia (NH3), an important raw material for chemical industry and agriculture, is also considered to be an intriguing energy storage and transportation media for chemical conversion schemes. The world's primary NH3 supply is based on the natural nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs through an enzymatic nitrogenase process and the industrial nitrogen fixation through a traditional Haber–Bosch process. The natural synthesis of NH3 can hardly meet the rapidly growing global demand. Meanwhile, the industrial NH3 production is still dominated by the high‐temperature and high‐pressure reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen (N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3), requiring intensive energy input and generating massive CO2. Therefore, seeking a breakthrough in the development of catalysts toward efficient ammonia synthesis has become the frontier of energy and chemical conversion schemes. This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress on developing new strategies to optimize the efficiency of NH3 production coupled with renewable energy sources, with a specific focus on electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic conversion of N2 to NH3. The most recent advances in the development of catalytic materials, the design of the reaction systems, and the computational insights for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical ammonia synthesis are covered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advanced Materials for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Dinitrogen: One Step Closer to a Sustainable Energy Future

Yan

Xia

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

127

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“…Electrochemical energy storage and conversion technology have been widely studied to produce sustainable and renewable energy . Many advanced clean energy technologies, such as fuel cells, metal air batteries, and water splitting, etc., require highly active catalysts to lower the energy barrier and increase the reaction rate with an efficient and stable route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts with low cost is critical for the wide‐spread application of sustainable and renewable energy conversion technologies. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. However, the high surface energy of the single atoms often results in an extremely low loading of metal atom catalysts with limited mass activity. In this context, densely populated SACs are more promising for practical applications due to their high active surface area and mass activity. Herein, the recent research progress of high loading (≥5 wt%) SACs for different electrocatalytic applications is summarized. An overview of various synthesis and characterization strategies of SACs is presented in this review. The influence of appropriate substrates on the preparation of high metal loading SACs is also discussed. In addition, this review provides valuable insights into the current challenges and future opportunities in the field of single‐atom catalysts.

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“…[72][73][74] By anchoring single metal atoms with semiconductor substrates, the obtained photocatalysts have demonstrated great enhancement in photocatalytic performances. [75] In the classic PCN structure, three sp 2 hybridized C-and N-forming tri-s-triazine rings centers on an "N pots" filled with six lone-pair electrons from N atoms, which provides an ideal site to confine the highly active single metal atoms. [76][77][78] Based on this special construction, the single metal atom catalysts, including single noble-metal and single cheap transition-metal atoms, [78,79] Small 2019, 15,1900772 anchored on PCN by chemical bonding have received considerable attentions for the development of synthesis methods, the identification of active site and the optimization of single-atom metal loading amounts.…”

Section: Anchoring Single Metal Atoms With Pcnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Photosynthesis with Polymeric Carbon Nitride: When Meeting Metal Nanoparticles, Single Atoms, and Molecular Complexes

Kong

Shen

2019

Small

Self Cite

101

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Artificial photosynthesis for solar water splitting and CO2 reduction to produce hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels has been considered as one of the most promising ways to solve increasingly serious energy and environmental problems. As a well‐documented metal‐free semiconductor, polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has been widely used and intensively investigated for photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction, owing to its physicochemical stability, visible‐light response, and facile synthesis. However, PCN as a photocatalyst still suffers from the fast recombination of electron‐hole pairs and poor water redox reaction kinetics, greatly restricting its activity for artificial photosynthesis. Among the various modification approaches developed so far, decorating PCN with metals in different existences of nanoparticles, single atoms and molecular complexes, has been evidently very effective to overcome these limitations to improve photocatalytic performances. In this Review article, a systematic introduction to the state‐of‐the‐art metal/PCN photocatalyst systems is given, with metals in versatility of nanoparticles, single atoms, and molecular complexes. Then, the recent processes of the metal/PCN photocatalyst systems in the applications of artificial photosynthesis, e.g., water splitting and CO2 reduction, are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of high efficiency metal/PCN photocatalyst systems are presented and prospected.

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Single Metal Atom Photocatalysis

Cited by 158 publications

References 108 publications

Recent Advanced Materials for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Dinitrogen: One Step Closer to a Sustainable Energy Future

Recent Advanced Materials for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Dinitrogen: One Step Closer to a Sustainable Energy Future

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

Artificial Photosynthesis with Polymeric Carbon Nitride: When Meeting Metal Nanoparticles, Single Atoms, and Molecular Complexes

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