“…As briefly mentioned in the introduction, two alternative approaches have been followed to analyse productivity and efficiency in insurance in the past: SFA (Fenn, Vencappa, Diacon, Klumpes & O'Brien, 2008;Ennsfellner, Lewis & Anderson, 2004;Fecher, Kessler, Perelman & Pestieu, 1993;Cummins & Weiss, 1993;Gardner & Grace, 1993) and the non-parametric DEA (Barros, Nektarios & Assaf, 2010;Mahlberg & Url, 2010;Cummins & Xie, 2008;Barros, Barroso & Borges, 2005;Cummins, Rubio-Misas & Zi, 2004;Mahlberg & Url, 2003;Diacon, Starkey & O'Brien, 2002;Cummins, Weiss & Zi, 1999;Cummins & Zi, 1998;Fukuyama, 1997;Cummins, Turchetti & Weiss, 1996;Biener & Eiling, 2011). It is worth noting that the literature on productive efficiency in the insurance industry is scarce in comparison with other financial areas, such as banking.…”