Single-magnet rotary flowmeter for liquid metals

Priede, Jānis; Buchenau, Dominique; Gerbeth, Günter

doi:10.1063/1.3610440

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These flowmeters employ permanent magnets, which are set in rotation by the torque generated by the interaction of the magnetic field with the moving fluid. 8,32,34,40 In addition to the torque, there acts an accelerating force on the magnet system, which is the counterpart of the braking Lorentz force inside the fluid mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of a small permanent magnet with a liquid metal duct flow

Heinicke

Tympel

Pulugundla

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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If a permanent magnet is located near a liquid metal flow, the magnet experiences a Lorentz force, which depends on the velocity of the flow. This effect is embodied in a noncontact flow measurement technique called Lorentz force velocimetry (LFV). Although LFV is already under way for global flow measurement in metallurgy, the possibility of using LFV for local velocity measurement has not yet been explored. The present work is devoted to a comprehensive investigation of the Lorentz force acting upon a permanent magnet near a liquid metal flow in a square duct when the size of the magnet is sufficiently small to be influenced by only parts of the fluid flow. We employ a combination of laboratory experiments in the turbulent regime, direct numerical simulations of laminar and turbulent flows using a custom-made code, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations using a commercial code. We address three particular flow regimes, namely the kinematic regime where the back-reaction of the Lorentz force on the flow is negligible, the low-Reynolds number dynamic regime and the high-Reynolds number dynamic regime both being characterized by a significant modification of the flow by the Lorentz force. In all three regimes, the Lorentz force is characterized by a nondimensional electromagnetic drag coefficient CD, which depends on the dimensionless distance between the magnet and the duct h, the dimensionless size of the magnet d, the Reynolds number Re, and the Hartmann number Ha. We demonstrate that in the kinematic regime, CD displays a universal dependence on the distance parameter, expressed by the scaling laws CD ∼ h−2 for h ≪ 1 and CD ∼ h−7 for h ≫ 1. In the dynamic regime at low Re, the magnet acts as a magnetic obstacle and expels streamlines from its immediate vicinity. In the dynamic regime at high Re, we present experimental data on CD(Re) for 500 ≤ Re ≤ 104 and on CD(h) for 0.4 ≤ h ≤ 1 and demonstrate that they are in good agreement with numerical results obtained from RANS simulations for the same range of parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Accordingly, one can apply a Green's function in free space. We define an analytic continuation of / as a reflection at the surface z ¼ 0: …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of a small permanent magnet with a liquid metal duct flow

Heinicke

Tympel

Pulugundla

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…3) and that has been recently developed to the state, 8,17,18 where its application in aluminium production 9 and steelmaking 19 is imminent. The basic principle of LFV is explained in Figure 1(a).…”

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confidence: 99%

A universal noncontact flowmeter for liquids

Wegfraß

Diethold

Werner

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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Lorentz force velocimetry (LFV) is a noncontact electromagnetic flow measurement technique for liquid metals that is currently used in fundamental research and metallurgy. Up to now, the application of LFV was limited to the narrow class of liquids whose electrical conductivity is of the order 106 S/m. Here, we demonstrate that LFV can be applied to liquids with conductivities up to six orders of magnitude smaller than in liquid metals. We further argue that this range can be extended to 10−3 S/m under industrial and to 10−6 S/m under laboratory conditions making LFV applicable to most liquids of practical interest.

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“…This force is proportional to the product of the electrical conductivity of the fluid and the square of the applied magnetic field strength. Another type of flowmeter using a single rotating magnet has recently been reported in [10,11]. This sensor is based on the equilibrium of the electromagnetic torques caused by the flow on the magnet and by the magnet on the flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contactless electromagnetic phase-shift flowmeter for liquid metals

Priede

Buchenau

Gerbeth

2011

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Abstract. We present a concept and test results of an eddy-current flowmeter for liquid metals. The flow rate is determined by applying a weak ac magnetic field to a liquid metal flow and measuring the flow-induced phase disturbance in the external electromagnetic field. The phase disturbance is found to be more robust than that of the amplitude used in conventional eddy-current flowmeters. The basic characteristics of this type of flowmeter are analysed using simple theoretical models, where the flow is approximated by a solid body motion. Design of such a flowmeter is presented and its test results reported.

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Single-magnet rotary flowmeter for liquid metals

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Interaction of a small permanent magnet with a liquid metal duct flow

Interaction of a small permanent magnet with a liquid metal duct flow

A universal noncontact flowmeter for liquids

Contactless electromagnetic phase-shift flowmeter for liquid metals

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