“…The DARP mainly arises in door-todoor transportation services for school children, handicapped persons, or the elderly and disabled (see, e.g., Russell and Morrel, 1986;Madsen, Ravn, & Rygaard, 1995;Toth & Vigo, 1997;Borndörfer, Klostermeier, Grötschel, & Küttner, 1997 ride times are used to guarantee a certain service level by limiting the time a passenger is on board of the vehicle. A similar service-related use of maximum ride-time constraints is described by Plum, Pisinger, Salazar-González, and Sigurd (2014) in the context of liner shipping service design. When there is a limit on the total working hours of drivers (Ceselli, Righini, & Salani, 2009) or when transporting perishable goods (Azi, Gendreau, & Potvin, 2010), the time a vehicle is away from the depot has to be restricted.…”