Single-Lesion Skin Cancer Risk Stratification Triage Pathway

Abstract

ImportanceAccess to timely dermatologic care remains a challenge, especially for patients with new skin lesions. Assessing the efficiency of new triage pathways may assist in better resource allocation and shorter time to care.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a rule-based triage system was associated with better skin cancer risk stratification of patients and reduced wait times.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective quality improvement cohort study of patients referred to Stanford University dermatology clinics was conducted between November 2017 and January 2023. A rules-based triage system based on a priori–determined high-risk lesion characteristics was implemented.ExposuresReferral reasons and risk factors of patients provided by their primary care physicians.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBiopsy results of patients (diagnosis of any skin cancer and melanoma) at their visit or within 6 months after the visit. Regression models were used to assess the association between risk factors at referral and (1) biopsy outcomes and (2) time to first visit, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.ResultsAmong 37 478 patients (mean [SD] age, 54 (18) years; 21 292 women [57%]), the rates of aggregate biopsy, malignant biopsy specimens, and melanoma were comparable across patients seen after (n = 12 302) and before (n = 25 176) the implementation of the new triage pathway. Patients seen through the lesion pathway had a higher risk of having malignant biopsy results (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.9) and melanoma (aRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2) than those not seen through the pathway. Lesions that were concerning to referring clinicians for skin cancer were associated with an increased risk of skin cancer (all skin cancer: aRR, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.2-3.5; melanoma: aRR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7). Patients in the 3 high-risk lesion groups were seen faster in the new triage pathway (mean reduction, 26 days; 95% CI, 18-34 days).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, a new automated, rules-based referral pathway was implemented that expedited care for patients with high-risk skin cancer. This reform may have contributed to improving patient stratification, reducing the time from referral to first encounter, and maintaining accuracy in identifying malignant lesions. The findings highlight the potential to optimize clinical resource allocation by better risk stratification of referred patients.