Single-Ion Homopolymer Electrolytes with High Transference Number Prepared by Click Chemistry and Photoinduced Metal-Free Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization

Li, Sipei; Mohamed, Alexander I.; Pande, Vikram; Wang, Han; Cuthbert, Julia; Pan, Xiangcheng; He, Hongkun; Wang, Zongyu; Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian; Whitacre, Jay; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00999

Cited by 99 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Accordingly, these materials have high Li-ion transference numbers (0.8 < t Li + < 1), even at a low ionic conductivity (10 À 81 0 À 7 S cm À 1 ), resulting in the uniform movement of Liions. [220][221] Therefore, there are many researchers using the Figure 11. a) Molecular structures of benzene (Ben), toluene (Tol), and trifluorotoluene (tfTol) with their electron-donating/withdrawing character denoted.…”

Section: Polymeric Protection Layers: Single-ion Conducting Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Metal Interface Modification for High‐Energy Batteries: Approaches and Characterization

Lee

Song

Cho

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Rechargeable batteries have been a profoundly greater part of our lives than we could have ever imagined. The rechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) that have been developed for transport systems even put fossil fuels in the corner. However, state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries with graphite anodes are now approaching their theoretical specific energy limits, so they cannot meet the increasing demands of a range of portable electronics and large‐scale energy storage systems. Li metal is one of the most promising anode materials that could break through the energy density bottleneck of Li‐ion batteries due to its ultrahigh specific capacity and very low potential compared to other anode materials. Nonetheless, the direct use of Li metal in commercial battery systems has been hindered due to significant obstacles associated with it such as safety issues, corrosion from chemical reactions that occur inside the battery, or poor cycling performance. The fundamental reason for these problems is the dendritic growth of Li‐ions on the Li metal anode during cycling, as a result of the interfacial phenomena of Li metal and electrolytes. Modification of the Li metal interface with an electrolyte presents an efficient solution to solve these problems. In this review, the current challenges facing the development of Li metal anodes are presented in detail. The most recent advances in Li metal anodes using a controlled interface between the Li metal surface and an electrolyte are highlighted and an introduction on the synthesis and production methods for the application of high‐energy‐density battery systems such as Li‐oxygen (Li−O2), Li‐sulfur (Li−S), and Li metal batteries with high‐energy density cathodes is presented. Furthermore, the recent developments in the in situ/operando analysis tools adopted for the investigation of Li metal anodes such as the structural and chemical changes, dynamic properties, and solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer properties are described and summarized. Finally, some suggestions are given in the direction of the development of Li metal with artificial surface layers for use in future high‐energy batteries.

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Section: Polymeric Protection Layers: Single-ion Conducting Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Metal Interface Modification for High‐Energy Batteries: Approaches and Characterization

Lee

Song

Cho

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…ties. Also, the development of single-ion homopolymer electrolytes consisting of poly(poly(ethylene oxide) methacrylate lithium sulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), and poly(PEO-MA-TFSI-Li + ) by Li et al via photoinduced metal-free O-ATRP [91] and the O-ATRP of methacrylic acid in a continuous flow reactor, broadens the scope of monomers. [42] Figure 10 compiles some of the typical monomers which can be polymerized via O-ATRP.…”

Section: Monomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the Components of Metal‐Free Photoinitiated Organocatalyzed‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O‐ATRP)

Aklujkar

Rao

2020

ChemistrySelect

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The evolution of the atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has instigated an increased demand for designing versatile and tailored polymeric structures. However, the use of metal catalysts in traditional ATRP limits the use of polymers in many niche applications. The recent advancement in ATRP has engendered the substitution of metal‐catalysts by a more user‐friendly class of organic photoredox catalysts, which offer enhanced control over the polymerization reaction as these compounds can be easily activated and deactivated with just a source of light. These new photocatalysts have transformed the traditional ATRP to a metal‐free photoinitiated organocatalyzed – ATRP (O‐ATRP), which has potential applications in the medical and electronic sectors. This review covers the reductive and oxidative quenching mechanism of the metal‐free photoinduced O‐ATRP reaction and the function of each component to establish a successfully controlled polymerization reaction. The scope for each component has been encompassed in the study, which paves the way for future developments in the field.

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Section: Polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37][38][39] Poly(PEOMA-TFSI − Li + ) showed high ionic conductivity (>1 × 10 −4 S cm −1 at 90 °C and t Li+ > 0.97) especially with low degree of polymerization (DP) as shown in Figure 4b. [40] The kinetic model was applied to estimate the propensity of dendrite growth with such electrolytes. It was showed that with such extremely high t Li+ , the dendrite growth could be largely mitigated (Figure 4c).…”

Section: Polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Chemistry for Improving Lithium Metal Anodes

Lorandi

Whitacre

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Initially commercialized by Sony in 1991, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) continue to dominate the market due to several advantages, such as higher energy density, longer cycle life, and wider working temperature compared to other common battery systems. [6] However, the development of LIBs has hit the bottleneck in recent years. An LIB with graphite anode and metal oxide cathode typically delivers a pack-level energy density lower than 300 Wh kg −1 , which struggles to satisfy the energy requirement for the contemporary technology demand and expansion. [6] Taking electric vehicles (EVs) as an example, manufacturing an EV that runs over 500 miles on one charge requires to develop a battery pack that can deliver > 500 Wh kg −1. [7,8] However, the graphite anode in LIBs has a limited theoretical capacity of 375 Ah kg −1. In contrast, the direct use of metallic lithium as anode can dramatically improve the cell energy density. Indeed, lithium metal has the lowest redox potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode [SHE]), high theoretical capacity (3860 Ah kg −1) and inexpensive market price. [9] Moreover, the adoption of lithium metal anodes allows for using non-lithiated high-energy-density cathodes, such as sulfur and oxygen. [10] Pursuing the development of reliable rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs), many laboratories across the world started programs to accelerate research on LMB. For example, the United States established the Battery500 consortium in 2016, and China launched the Made in China 2025 project in 2015, all aiming to revive metallic lithium anode for higher-energy-density rechargeable batteries. [11] Conventionally, the use of polymer materials in practical LIBs is mostly limited to polyolefin-based separators and inactive binding materials in the cathode. [12] Polymer binders, most commonly poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), serve to affix active cathodic materials and conductive fillers to aluminum current collectors during charge/discharge. [8] In the last decades, the development of advanced polymerization techniques, such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, or nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP), and post-polymerization modification chemistries has opened new avenues for creating polymer materials with controlled molecular weight (MW) and dispersity, chain morphology, functionality, and chemical and physical properties. [13-18] As these two fields-polymer science and battery science-come to bridge each other, inspirations and new opportunities arise. [17,19-24] When building a reliable high-energy-density LMB, five primary aspects need to be considered: the cathode and the cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI), the separator/electrolyte, the anode-electrolyte Lithium metal anode based rechargeable batteries (LMBs) are regarded as a highly appealing alternatives to replace state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for applications that demand higher energy density. Due to the highly reactive natur...

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Single-Ion Homopolymer Electrolytes with High Transference Number Prepared by Click Chemistry and Photoinduced Metal-Free Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization

Cited by 99 publications

References 80 publications

Lithium Metal Interface Modification for High‐Energy Batteries: Approaches and Characterization

Lithium Metal Interface Modification for High‐Energy Batteries: Approaches and Characterization

Developments in the Components of Metal‐Free Photoinitiated Organocatalyzed‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O‐ATRP)

Polymer Chemistry for Improving Lithium Metal Anodes

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