Single fluorescent probes enabling simultaneous visualization of duple organelles: Design principles, mechanisms, and applications

Fluorescent Probes Design Strategies for Imaging Mitochondria and Lysosomes

“…The commercial probe targeting mitochondria, MitoTracker Green (MTG) with positive charge, has been widely used to target mitochondria selectively. In addition, triphenylphosphonium (TPP) with large hydrophobic radius has also been used as a targeting group for mitochondria owing to its high membrane permeability ( Figure 1 ) ( Tian et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Mitochondrial membrane potential is the main component of proton motion dynamics, which is formed by protons pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to membrane. The mitochondria keep the negative transmembrane potential up to −180 mV if the potential in the cytoplasm is 0 mV ( Tian et al, 2022 ). Based on these characterizations, positive charge has been widely applied to target mitochondria.…”

Observation of macrophage autophagy in the healing of diabetic ulcers via a lysosome-targeting polarity-specific two-photon probe

“… 16 In addition, the morpholine group is very easy to be protonated and bound in the lysosome due to its weakly alkaline nature (p K a = 5–6), thereby achieving specific anchoring of lysosomes (pH = 4–5) in the cell. 17 Therefore, we believe that XZTU-VIS is very suitable for two-photon fluorescence imaging of lysosomal polarity changes in living cells and achieving long-term imaging analysis of autophagy. In vitro experiments showed that XZTU-VIS exhibited high sensitivity to environmental viscosity and could achieve long-term in situ imaging analysis of autophagy.…”

A New Deep‐Red to Near‐infrared Emission and Polarity Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Based on β‐Diketone‐boron Difluoride and Coumarin Derivative

“…This advanced technology is highly dependent on outstanding fluorescent probes. At present, many fluorescent probes are springing up, which has greatly accelerated the development of fluorescence imaging technology [18–30] . Recently, a large number of polarity‐specific fluorescent probes have reported timely [31] .…”

“…At present, many fluorescent probes are springing up, which has greatly accelerated the development of fluorescence imaging technology. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Recently, a large number of polarity-specific fluorescent probes have reported timely. [31] Generally speaking, a convincing strategy to fabricate polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes involves the construction of skeleton structure with electron-donor (Donor) and electron-acceptor (Acceptor) groups.…”