Single-feature polymorphism mapping of isogenic rice lines identifies the influence of terpene synthase on brown planthopper feeding preferences

Abstract

Background: Bph3, a major brown planthopper (BPH) resistance locus derived from the rice cultivar Rathu Heenati (RH), has been used as a stable donor of traits that improve highly susceptible aromatic rice varieties in Thailand. Map-based cloning was initiated using a set of isogenic lines (ILs) harboring the major Bph3 locus on chromosome 6. IL genomes were scanned with a 57 K Affymetrix Rice GeneChip to identify the gene responsible for Bph3. Findings: Single-feature polymorphism (SFP) mapping was used to localize 84 candidate genes. An expression analysis of 15 selected candidate genes in the aromatic rice cultivar KDML105 (KD) and the ILs under normal conditions revealed two differentially expressed sequences. Following hopper feeding, only one candidate gene, Os04g27430, was differentially expressed. Os04g27430 encodes a putative sesquiterpene synthase (STPS) gene that was induced by BPH feeding in ILs. An antixenosis test in three selected ILs revealed a major role for STPS in insect preference during the first 120 hours of the rice-insect interaction. Functional SNPs in exon 5 that resulted in the deletion of seven amino acids in the susceptible rice line were identified. Moreover, three additional SNPs associated with three transcription binding sites were also identified, which might explain the differential response of Os04g27430 during the anti-feeding test. Conclusion: Os04g27430 is the second known rice STPS induced by BPH. The gene may involve an antixenosis BPH resistance mechanism. The combination of the STPS and the Bph3 locus was more effective than Bph3 alone in the tested ILs.

Large-Scale Evolutionary Analysis of Genes and Supergene Clusters from Terpenoid Modular Pathways Provides Insights into Metabolic Diversification in Flowering Plants

“…Please note that in alignment with this these findings, the role of syntenic core- TPS supergene clusters that include adjacent loci involved in different modules was recently made evident for diversification of terpenoid pathway assembly during radiation of various Angiosperm clades (see below) [ 33 ]. Moreover, it has become evident that single-featured polymorphisms affecting those genes are sufficient to alter, amongst others, herbivore behavior in otherwise isogenic lines [ 130 – 132 ]. In the opinion of the authors, such processes may have correlated with human efforts of plant domestication and crop breeding in multiple cases.…”

Induction of Systemic Resistance against Insect Herbivores in Plants by Beneficial Soil Microbes

“…This results in the attraction of more parasitoids of the caterpillar to the caterpillar-attacked plants, which produces an indirect plant defense against the attacking herbivores ( Pangesti et al, 2015b ). This highlights the important role of VOCs in both direct and indirect plant resistance strategies against insect herbivores ( Schausberger et al, 2012 ; Kamolsukyunyong et al, 2013 ). The collective knowledge supports the view that enhanced production of VOCs and HIPVs in association with beneficial soil microbes should be further developed to yield innovative tactics to control insect herbivores in an effective and environmentally friendly way.…”

Thai Hom Mali Rice: Origin and Breeding for Subsistence Rainfed Lowland Rice System

“…Lacking major R genes, KDML and RD15 are highly susceptible to BPH ( Nilaparvata lugens Stål) in every stage of plant development (Jairin et al 2005 ). Also, releasing aromatic compound 2AP from all plant parts making KDML even more risk of being devastated as 2AP may act as a possible chemical attractant to brown planthopper (BPH) (Kamolsukyunyong et al 2013 ). Therefore, breeding for durable resistance to BLB, BL, and BPH of KDML is the most practical mitigation strategy to prevent crop loss.…”