Single-Element and MIMO Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas with Negligible Back Radiation for 5G Mid-Band Handsets

Alnahwi, Falih M.; Al‐Yasir, Yasir I. A.; See, Chan Hwang; Abd‐Alhameed, Raed A.

doi:10.3390/s22083067

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Loss. Total active refection coefcient (TARC) and channel capacity Loss (CCL) characterize the bandwidth, frequency, and radiation capability of the MIMO antennas [30]. It can be determined using the following equations:…”

Section: Total Active Refection Coefcient and Channel Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quad Port Multipolarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Sub 6 GHz Applications

Thangarasu

Palaniswamy

Rao

2023

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Recent reconfigurable technological advancements for wireless communication systems provide various global solutions. This research work presents a quad port multipolarized switchable multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for sub 6 GHz applications. It covers the frequency range from 3.1 to 5.1 GHz, including the 5G NR band n78 (3.3 to 3.8 GHz) and 5G NR band n79 (4.4 to 5 GHz). The proposed antenna comprises four offset-fed monopole antenna elements with an overall dimension of 60 mm × 65 mm. To achieve circular polarization (CP), a parasitic meandering resonator is integrated with antenna elements using four PIN diodes. The polarization diversity is obtained by controlling the bias states of four PIN diodes. The radiating element −1/−3 offers left hand circular polarization (LHCP), while element −2/−4 procures right hand circular polarization (RHCP) when all diodes are ON. Consequently, the proposed antenna provides linear polarization (LP) under reverse bias conditions. Moreover, the designed antenna acquires a wide axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 36.1%. In addition, the developed MIMO antenna exhibits isolation greater than 15 dB using the common ground plane, and the obtained ECC is less than 0.13. The prototype is fabricated, and the simulated responses are in good correlation with the measured results.

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Section: Total Active Refection Coefcient and Channel Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Te proposed quad port PRMA is compact in size as compared to [13,14,[16][17][18]. Also, it has high ARBW and impedance bandwidth than [13][14][15][16][17][18]30]. In addition, the proposed antenna provides the fexibility to change the polarization behaviour in varying environment.…”

Section: Total Active Refection Coefcient and Channel Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quad Port Multipolarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Sub 6 GHz Applications

Thangarasu

Palaniswamy

Rao

2023

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…A CP frequency range of (5.4-5.7) GHz is attained with the aid of a dual patch microstrip antenna with coaxial feeding [16]. In [17], the slotted microstrip antenna with proximity-coupled feeding is utilized to generate CP for 5G mid-band applications that are used the LTE 43 standard (3.6-3.8) GHz. Unfortunately, most of the aforementioned broadband CP antennas has 3dB ARBW that partially covered the desired band, so the antenna in this work is intended to have a small size, acceptable realized gain, and perfect CP coverage for the entire band of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Broadband Circularly Polarized Wide-Slot Antenna With Axial Ratio Bandwidth Encompassing LTE 42 and LTE 43 Standards of 5G Mid-Band

et al. 2023

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This study presents a compact broadband wide-slot antenna with broadband left-hand circular polarization compatible with both LTE 42 and LTE 43 standards of 5G mid-band applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on an FR4 dielectric substrate with overall dimensions of 0.41𝜆 𝑜 × 0.36𝜆 𝑜 × 0.02𝜆 𝑜 , where 𝜆 𝑜 is the free space wavelength at the resonant frequency of the antenna. The antenna ground plane is etched to form a square radiating slot with a pair of rectangular ground stubs that are diagonally placed inside the slot. On the other side of the antenna, the feed line is loaded by horizontal and vertical stubs to improve the coupling between the feed line and the square slot. To generate a circular polarization, the feeding stubs cooperate with the pair of rectangular ground stubs to excite the radiating slot of the antenna at two different feeding points whose currents have approximately equal amplitude and 90 o phase shift. The measured impedance bandwidth (BW) of the proposed wide-slot antenna is 16.2% (580 MHz along the band 3.3-3.88 GHz), while the observed axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is 12.2% (440 MHz in the 3.4-3.84 GHz band). The measured gain values are found to be larger than 2.5 dB along both standards of the 5G mid-band applications.INDEX TERMS Axial Ratio, circular polarization, wide-slot antenna, reflection coefficient, broadband.

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“…These phase shifters are commonly used in 5G and 6G beamforming systems [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The 90° phase shifters are also indispensable in exciting narrowband circularly polarized antennas [ 5 ] and broadband circularly polarized antennas [ 6 , 7 ]. In addition to these well-known applications, the utilization of the 90° microwave phase shifter extends to the design of balanced mixers, modulators, beam scanning, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications

Alnahwi,

Al-Yasir,

See

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In the design of phase shifters, the modeling equations are too complicated and require some approximations to be derived correctly by hand. In response to this problem, this paper presents a generalized concept, algorithm, and MATLAB code that provide the exact modeling equations of the transmission parameters and the scattering parameters of any 90° wideband stub-loaded phase shifter. The proposed code gives the modeling equations in term of variables for any number of stubs and characteristic impedance value by utilizing the symbol-based analysis of the MATLAB code. It also illustrates the results as a function of normalized frequency relative to the center frequency fo, and can be and can be tailored to any user-defined frequency range. As a matter of comparison, a three-stub wideband 90° stub-loaded phase shifter is simulated using CST Microwave Studio and experimentally fabricated on Rogers RT5880 dielectric substrate with dimensions of 30 × 40 × 0.8 mm3. The comparison reveals the accuracy of the proposed computerized modeling with −10 dB impedance bandwidth equal to 90% (0.55fo–1.45fo), (90°∓5°) phase difference bandwidth equal to 100% (0.5fo–1.5fo), and negligible insertion loss. The novelty of this work is that the proposed code provides the exact modeling equations of the stub-loaded phase shifter for any number of stubs regardless the complexity of the mathematical derivations.

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Single-Element and MIMO Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas with Negligible Back Radiation for 5G Mid-Band Handsets

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Quad Port Multipolarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Sub 6 GHz Applications

Quad Port Multipolarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Sub 6 GHz Applications

A Compact Broadband Circularly Polarized Wide-Slot Antenna With Axial Ratio Bandwidth Encompassing LTE 42 and LTE 43 Standards of 5G Mid-Band

Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications

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