Single-Electron Pump Based on Charging Effects

Pothier, H.; Lafarge, P.; Urbina, C.; Estève, D.; Devoret, M. H.

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/17/3/011

Cited by 507 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…4). Several attempts to create a metrological current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme accuracy, high yield and implementation with not too many control parameters have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Here, we propose and prove the unexpected concept of a hybrid normal-metalsuperconductor turnstile in the form of a one-island singleelectron transistor with one gate, which demonstrates robust current plateaux at multiple levels of e f at frequency f .…”

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Pekola¹,

Vartiainen²,

et al. 2007

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The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state devices was laid by the rise of single electronics about two decades ago 1-3 . Ultrasmall structures in a low-temperature environment form an ideal domain for addressing electrons one by one. In the so-called metrological triangle, voltage from the Josephson effect and resistance from the quantum Hall effect would be tested against current via Ohm's law for a consistency check of the fundamental constants of nature,h and e (ref. 4). Several attempts to create a metrological current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme accuracy, high yield and implementation with not too many control parameters have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Here, we propose and prove the unexpected concept of a hybrid normal-metalsuperconductor turnstile in the form of a one-island singleelectron transistor with one gate, which demonstrates robust current plateaux at multiple levels of e f at frequency f .Synchronized sources, where current I is related to frequency by I = N ef and N is the integer number of electrons injected in one period, are the prime candidates for the devices to define one ampere in quantum metrology. The accuracy of these devices is based on the discreteness of the electron charge and the high accuracy of frequency determined from atomic clocks. Modern methods are replacing classical definitions of electrical quantities; voltage can be derived on the basis of the a.c. Josephson effect of superconductivity 12 and resistance by the quantum Hall effect 13,14 , but one ampere still needs to be determined via the mutual force exerted by the leads carrying the current. Early proposals of current pumps for quantum metrology were based on arrays of mesoscopic metallic tunnel junctions 5,6 , in which small currents could eventually be pumped at very low error rates 7 . However, these multijunction devices are hard to control and relatively slow 15 . Thus, the quest for feasible implementation with a possibility of parallel architecture for higher yield have led to alternative solutions such as surface-acoustic-wave-driven one-dimensional channels 8 , superconducting devices 11,16-21 and semiconducting quantum dots 22 . These do produce large currents in the nano-ampere range but their accuracy is still limited.Surprisingly, a simple hybrid single-electron transistor, with a small normal-metal (N) island and superconducting (S) leads, has been overlooked in this context. As demonstrated here, an SNS transistor, or alternatively an NSN transistor, see Fig. 1, presents a robust turnstile for electrons showing current plateaux at multiples of ef . We emphasize here that a one-island turnstile does not work even in principle without the hybrid design. An important feature in the present system is that hybrid tunnel junctions suppress tunnelling in an energy range determined by the gap ∆ in the density of states of the superconductor, see Fig. 1d bottom inset; current through a junction vanishes as long as |V J | ∼ < ∆/e...

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Pekola¹,

Vartiainen²,

et al. 2007

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“…1-3 Several approaches to obtain such a quantized current pump have been tested. [4][5][6][7][8] However, obtaining both a high current value and a high accuracy has proven to be difficult. Recently, Blumenthal et al have demonstrated a new promising way to deliver high currents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Noise measurement of a quantized charge pump

Maire

Hohls

Kaestner

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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“…If we choose the dc gate charges n g1 and n g2 far from the boundaries but within the (0,0) cell, then because of the large electrostatic energies we can assume that the system remains in the state |00 . Strictly speaking, this charge stability diagram [57] is only valid in the absence of Josephson coupling; however, it also remains valid for small Josephson coupling, except at the boundaries where the charge states become superposed. Since the pulse gate has equal coupling to each qubit, the application of a pulse shifts the state of the system on this diagram along the line tilted at 45 degrees (indicated by arrows in Fig.…”

Section: Coherent Dynamics Of Two Charge Qubitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Josephson charge qubits: a brief review

Pashkin

Astafiev

Yamamoto

et al. 2009

Quantum Inf Process

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The field of solid-state quantum computation is expanding rapidly initiated by our original charge qubit demonstrations. Various types of solid-state qubits are being studied, and their coherent properties are improving. The goal of this review is to summarize achievements on Josephson charge qubits. We cover the results obtained in our joint group of NEC Nano Electronics Research Laboratories and RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, also referring to the works done by other groups. Starting from a short introduction, we describe the principle of the Josephson charge qubit, its manipulation and readout. We proceed with coupling of two charge qubits and implementation of a logic gate. We also discuss decoherence issues. Finally, we show how a charge qubit can be used as an artificial atom coupled to a resonator to demonstrate lasing action.

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Single-Electron Pump Based on Charging Effects

Cited by 507 publications

References 9 publications

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Noise measurement of a quantized charge pump

Josephson charge qubits: a brief review

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