Single Dose Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2

Saadat, Saman; Rikhtegaran-Tehrani, Zahra; Logue, James; Newman, Michelle; Frieman, Matthew B.; Harris, Anthony D.; Sajadi, Mohammad M.

doi:10.1101/2021.01.30.21250843

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Overall, these data also add to our understanding of SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses in several ways. First, our serological data is consistent with several other recent studies 9,10,12,13,16,17 indicating robust boosting of antibody responses in SARS-CoV2 recovered subjects after the first vaccine dose, but little benefit to antibody titers after the second vaccine dose. Moreover, we identified a similar effect for virus-specific memory B cells, demonstrating that both a quantitative and qualitative plateau in vaccine-induced memory B cells is achieved following the first dose of vaccine with little additional change to the memory B cell response following booster vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Distinct Antibody and Memory B Cell Responses in SARS-CoV2 Naïve and Recovered Individuals Following mRNA Vaccination

Goel

Apostolidis

Painter

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Novel mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 have been authorized for emergency use and are currently being administered to millions of individuals worldwide. Despite their efficacy in clinical trials, there is limited data on vaccine-induced immune responses in individuals with a prior SARS-CoV2 infection compared to SARS-CoV2 naive subjects. Moreover, how mRNA vaccines impact the development of antibodies as well as memory B cells in COVID-19 experienced versus COVID-19 naive subjects remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated antibody responses and antigen-specific memory B cell responses over time in 33 SARS-CoV2 naive and 11 SARS-CoV2 recovered subjects. mRNA vaccination induced significant antibody and memory B cell responses against full-length SARS-CoV2 spike protein and the spike receptor binding domain (RBD). SARS-CoV2 naive individuals benefitted from both doses of mRNA vaccine with additional increases in antibodies and memory B cells following booster immunization. In contrast, SARS-CoV2 recovered individuals had a significant immune response after the first dose with no increase in circulating antibodies or antigen-specific memory B cells after the second dose. Moreover, the magnitude of the memory B cell response induced by vaccination was lower in older individuals, revealing an age-dependence to mRNA vaccine-induced B cell memory. Side effects also tended to associate with post-boost antibody levels, but not with post-boost memory B cells, suggesting that side effect severity may be a surrogate of short-term antibody responses. The frequency of pre-vaccine antigen-specific memory B cells in SARS-CoV2 recovered individuals strongly correlated with post-vaccine antibody levels, supporting a key role for memory B cells in humoral recall responses to SARS-CoV2. This observation may have relevance for future booster vaccines and for responses to viral variants that partially escape pre-existing antibodies and require new humoral responses to be generated from memory B cells. Finally, post-boost antibody levels were not correlated with post-boost memory responses in SARS-CoV2 naive individuals, indicating that short-term antibody levels and memory B cells are complementary immunological endpoints that should be examined in tandem when evaluating vaccine response. Together, our data provide evidence of both serological response and immunological memory following mRNA vaccination that is distinct based on prior SARS-CoV2 exposure. These findings may inform vaccine distribution in a resource-limited setting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Distinct Antibody and Memory B Cell Responses in SARS-CoV2 Naïve and Recovered Individuals Following mRNA Vaccination

Goel

Apostolidis

Painter

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, we noted a significant difference in response to the first vaccination despite the small sample size, and our results corroborate recent non-peer-reviewed findings. 2–4 We also extend previous work by demonstrating that the observed immune respone to vaccination among seropositive individuals is robust across varying patterns of antibody responses over time and regardless of timing of past infection, which ranged from 1 to 6 months prior to vaccination.…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…Early reports suggest that prior infection may prime the immune response to the first vaccine dose, but these reports did not assess longitudinal changes in antibody levels before vaccination. 2–4 This information is important as the timing of natural infection and fluctuations in immunity over time may impact the vaccine response. 5,6 Here, we examined longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses among healthcare personnel (HCP) with and without evidence of prior infection to examine the effect of natural infection on vaccination response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity after infection and antibody response to mRNA-based vaccination

Ciccone¹,

Zhu²,

Ajeen³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The effect of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity on the immune response to mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has not been well-described. Here we report longitudinal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses pre- and post-vaccination among a cohort of healthcare personnel, with and without prior infection, from a large academic medical center. Our results provide preliminary evidence that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection may prime the response to the first mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose. These findings could have significant impact on the allocation of mRNA-based vaccines and support the need for future research into the effect of prior infection on magnitude and durability of vaccination response.

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“…8 9 This has led to certainly a confusion not only amongst healthcare workforce but also researchers worldwide who had observed similar outcomes with other vaccine candidates too. As the study in NY, Maryland and Paris concluded single dose of Pfizer and Moderna vaccine to be effective in people with pre-existing immunity in argument of more doses being made available to target a larger population seeing the limited supply of the vaccine, 5 7 there were reports who were not in agreement with them. It was explicitly stated that the vaccine efficiency of Pfizer improved substantially after second dose 10 and a single dose was not good enough from a large scale study from Israel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 6 Another study from Maryland utilizing an IgG ELISA based assay to spike protein observed similar response type albeit in healthcare workers. 6 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High failure rate of ChAdOx1 in healthcare workers during Delta variant surge: A case for continued use of masks post-vaccination

Ujjainiya

Tyagi²,

Sardana

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Oxford-Astra Zeneca COVID 19 vaccine (AZD1222 or ChAdOx1) is an important part of the global vaccine roll-out against SARS-CoV-2, and a locally manufactured version (Covishield by Serum Institute, Pune, India) is the most commonly used vaccine in India. The vaccination program started in January 2021 and here we report effectiveness of the first dose of Covishield in generating antibody response and its kinetics. We further report differences in the quantitative antibody response amongst individuals who had pre-existing antibodies to SARS CoV2 and those who did not. In a group of 135 healthcare workers administered Covishield, we measured antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 directed against the spike protein (S-antigen) using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S quantitative antibody detection kit (Roche Diagnostics) at days 0, 7, 14, and 28. In 44 subjects (32.5%) who had already developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at day 0 (before immunization), it was observed that antibody response was significantly higher at each time point, with the maximum increase seen between days 0 and 7. In contrast the sero-negative group (n=91) started developing antibody response only after 14 days or later. Three sero-negative individuals did not develop any antibody response even at day 28 of vaccination. It is noted that median antibody response at 28 days in seronegative subjects was similar to that of seropositive subjects at baseline (day 0) and was on a rising trajectory. Our data suggests that ChAdOx1 is highly immunogenic, particularly so where previous SARS CoV2 antibody-response is established. Given the high background seropositivity in India, this may be useful in determining optimal timing of the second dose during mass immunization within the constraints of vaccine supply and administration.

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Single Dose Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 60 publications

References 6 publications

Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Distinct Antibody and Memory B Cell Responses in SARS-CoV2 Naïve and Recovered Individuals Following mRNA Vaccination

Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Distinct Antibody and Memory B Cell Responses in SARS-CoV2 Naïve and Recovered Individuals Following mRNA Vaccination

SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity after infection and antibody response to mRNA-based vaccination

High failure rate of ChAdOx1 in healthcare workers during Delta variant surge: A case for continued use of masks post-vaccination

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