“…Furthermore, quinoxalines can be easily separated by liquid chromatography and detected by UV spectrophotometry . There have been published works concerning DC analysis in wine with in-sample OPDA derivatization Ferreira, Reis, Rodrigues, Oliveira, & Pinho, 2007;Montenegro, Valente, Gonçalves, Rodrigues, & Barros, 2011;Revel, Pripis-Nicolau, Barbe, & Bertrand, 2000;. They have the drawbacks of requiring sample clean-up in the case of chromatographic methods Ferreira et al, 2007); or long derivatization times (Ferreira et al, 2007;Revel et al, 2000); when using voltammetry (which is possible since quinoxalines are also electroactive) there is no differentiation between DC and other VDKs (Rodrigues, Barros, Almeida, Rodrigues, & Fogg, 2001;Rodrigues et al, 1999), albeit DC normally outbalances other VDKs, PN can sometimes also be found in large quantities in wine.…”