Single-cycle cratonic quartzarenites produced by tropical weathering: the Nimar sandstone (Lower Cretaceous), Narmada basin, India

Akhtar, K.; Ahmad, Aqil

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(91)90004-w

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The WIRS ( Figure 1a) includes, from south to north, the Narmada, Cambay, Kachchh (Kutch), and Barmer basins (Akhtar & Ahmad, 1991;Biswas, 1987;Pandey, Fursich, & Sha, 2009;Rai, Singh, & Pandey, 2013). The formation of the WIRS was initiated in the mid to late Jurassic Period by the break-up of Gondwana as the eastern part, including the terranes of Greater India, Madagascar and Antarctica, separated from West Gondwana (Africa) in response to the development of the Mozambique and Somali proto-oceans west and north of Madagascar and India (Reeves, 2014;Reeves & De-Wit, 2000).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the northward movement and anticlockwise rotation of the Greater Indian continent occurred as break-up progressed (Chatterjee, Goswami, & Scotese, 2013;Storey et al, 1995;Torsvik et al, 2000) forming a series of interlinked failed rifts that constitute the WIRS. Although the Jaisalmer and Indus basins are well-known to have a late Gondwanan origin, the relationship between the Cretaceous sediments of the WIRS, the Jaisalmer and Indus basins remains obscure as it is patchily preserved across the northern margin of the Indian Plate below the Deccan Traps (Ahmad & Amad, 1991;Akhtar & Ahmad, 1991;Chowdhary, 1975;Jaitly & Ajane, 2013;Khosla et al, 2003;Misra & Mukherjee, 2015;Raju, 1968;Sharma, 2007;Sheth, 2007) and the geometry and extent of the associated rifts are poorly documented. That said, preservation of isolated fluvial Lower Cretaceous sediments clearly suggests the presence of an established rift system through the north-western Indian Plate prior to the onset of the main Deccan eruptions around 64 Ma in the Danian (Mukherjee, Misra, Calvès, & Nemčok, 2017).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the Ghaggar-Hakra, Lower Cretaceous fluvial deposits are present in the Kachchh (Aslam, 1992;Casshyap & Aslam, 1992) Cambay (Bhatt et al, 2016;Jana, King, & Hilton, 2013;Mukherjee, 1983) and Narmada (Akhtar & Ahmad, 1991;Racey, Fisher, Bailey, & Kumar-Roy, 2016) basins and shallow marine sedimentation occurred within the Kachchh (Racey et al, 2016;Rai, 2006), Jaisalmer (Singh, 2006), and Indus (Ahmad, Fink, Sturrock, Mahmood, & Ibrahim, 2004; basins. There is also evidence for~1 km of Mesozoic sediments beneath the main Deccan volcanic pile as indicated by geophysical mapping (Rajaram, Anand, Erram, & Shinde, 2016;Rao, Kumar, & Rastogi, 2015).…”

Section: Implications For Palaeogeography Of the North-west Indian mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Principal extensional faults that define the geometry and limits of the Barmer Basin (adapted from Dolson et al, 2015), displaying the field locations for this study on the eastern, central margin. The settlement of Sarnoo is shown deltaic Bhuj Formation of the Kachchh Basin (Akhtar & Ahmad, 1991;Biswas, 1987;Desai & Desai, 1989), the predominantly fluvial Dhrangadhra Group of the Than Basin in Saurasthra (Casshyap & Aslam, 1992) and the fluvial Lumshiwal and Goru and marine-coastal Sembar successions of the Central and Southern Indus basins of Pakistan (Ahmad, Fink, Sturrock, Mahmood, & Ibrahim, 2012;Ahmad & Khan, 2012;Khalid, Qayyum, & Yasin, 2014;Zaigham & Mallick, 2000). These basin margin early Cretaceous sediments are likely to be contemporary with rifting between Madagascar and India (Bastia, Reeves, Pundarika, D'Silva, & Radhakrishna, 2010;Reeves, 2014;Torsvik et al, 2000) and separation of the Seychelles microcontinent from Greater India (Eagles & Hoang, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentology and the facies architecture of the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation, Barmer Basin, India: Implications for early Cretaceous deposition on the north‐western Indian Plate margin

Beaumont

Clarke

Burley

et al. 2018

The Depositional Record

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Fluvial strata of the Lower Cretaceous Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation are exposed in fault blocks on the central‐eastern margin of the Barmer Basin, Rajasthan. The sedimentology of these outcrops are described from 114 logs (thicknesses up to 100 m) and 53 two‐dimensional correlation panels. The formation comprises three distinct channel belt sandstone packages defined as the Darjaniyon‐ki Dhani, Sarnoo and Nosar sandstones separated by thick siltstone‐dominated floodplain successions. The sediments were deposited in a sub‐tropical, low sinuosity fluvial system that matures into a highly sinuous fluvial system. The Nosar Sandstone, the youngest of the three packages, exhibits a significant increase in energy and erosive power compared to those underlying it. This distinct change in fluvial style is interpreted as being rejuvenation due to an actively developing rift network forming accommodation space, rather than climatic controls acting on part of the depositional system. Consequently, the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation at outcrop represents Lower Cretaceous syn‐rift deposition within the Barmer Basin with active localized fault movement from Nosar Sandstone times onward. These findings provide sedimentological evidence in support of pre‐Palaeogene northwest–southeast extension in the Barmer Basin. Moreover, they imply Cretaceous extension took place widely along the northern extremity of the West Indian Rift System consistent with plate tectonic models of the break‐up of Gondwana and evolution of the Indian Ocean. Outcrops of Lower Cretaceous strata are patchy across India and Pakistan. This study provides valuable material which, when combined with the available published data, facilitates a re‐evaluation of Lower Cretaceous palaeogeography for the north‐west Indian Plate. The reconstruction demonstrates a complex fluvial system, where the sediments are preserved sporadically as early syn‐rift strata. The findings imply a high preservation potential for early Cretaceous fluvial successions within rifted fault blocks near Saraswati and Aishwarya of the Barmer Basin beneath the Palaeogene fill that likely have significant potential for further hydrocarbon exploration.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Palaeogeography Of the North-west Indian mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sedimentology and the facies architecture of the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation, Barmer Basin, India: Implications for early Cretaceous deposition on the north‐western Indian Plate margin

Beaumont

Clarke

Burley

et al. 2018

The Depositional Record

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“…Many studies have pointed to an intimate relationship between detrital sand composition and tectonic setting [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrofacies Evolution of Bayana Basin Sandstones of Mesoproterozoic Delhi Supergroup, Bharatpur District, Rajasthan, Northwestern India

Ahmad¹,

Saikia²,

Wasim³

2012

OJG

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The paper embodies results of petrofacies, detrital mineralogy and textural aspects of Bayana Basin sandstones of the Delhi Supergroup. These sandstones consisting of various types of quartz, feldspar, mica, rock fragments and heavy minerals are medium to fine grained and moderately well sorted. These sediments are generally subangular to subrounded with low sphericity. Various factors responsible for modification of the original detrital composition of the sandstones have been critically examined. Distance of transport is one of the factors which control the composition at the time of deposition. The plots of petrofacies in QtñFñL, QmñFñLt, QpñLvñLs and QmñPñK ternary diagrams suggest mainly basement uplift source (Craton interior) in a rifted continental margin basin setting, which has also received sediment input from recycled orogen provenance.

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Tracing source and palaeo‐weathering conditions of quartzose sandstone in the Cretaceous Cambay Basin: A combined petrographical, geochemical and geochronological approach

Rajak,

Prabhakar,

Banerjee

2023

Geological Journal

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Based on detrital monazite dating, mineral chemistry of tourmaline and rutile, bulk rock geochemistry, modal analysis of petrographic and palaeocurrent data, this study tracks the source of quartzose sandstone within the Cretaceous succession of the Cambay Basin primarily to rocks within the Aravalli‐Delhi Fold Belt. Monazite geochronology shows predominant peaks around 506 ± 11 Ma, 905 ± 12 Ma and a minor peak at 750 ± 20 Ma, 1485 ± 30 Ma relating sediment sources to the Aravalli‐Delhi orogeny and Pan‐African orogeny. The petrographic modal analysis of the moderate‐to‐well‐sorted Himmatnagar Sandstone indicates at least 91% quartz, with minor feldspar and rock fragments. The mineral chemistry of tourmalines in Himmatnagar Sandstone matches with Li‐ and Ca‐poor granitoid, pegmatites, metapelites and quartz tourmaline rocks. The trace element content of rutiles in sandstones corresponds to metapelitic sources. Detrital monazite dates and mineral chemistry of tourmalines and rutiles pinpoint the sediment source to the South Delhi Supergroup of rocks. The dominance of rounded zircons and tourmalines and abraded quartz overgrowth in the Himmatnagar Sandstone indicate the recycling of sediments, possibly from the Marwar Supergroup. Palaeoclimatic proxies based on mineralogy and geochemistry, particularly, the high value (93–97) of mineralogical index alteration, indicate intense chemical weathering of the source rocks under humid climatic conditions. Therefore, the combination of factors, including the quartzo‐feldspathic source rocks, intense chemical weathering under humid climatic conditions and the recycling of sediments facilitated the formation of quartzose sandstone within the Himmatngar Sandstone in the Cambay Basin.

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Single-cycle cratonic quartzarenites produced by tropical weathering: the Nimar sandstone (Lower Cretaceous), Narmada basin, India

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Sedimentology and the facies architecture of the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation, Barmer Basin, India: Implications for early Cretaceous deposition on the north‐western Indian Plate margin

Sedimentology and the facies architecture of the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation, Barmer Basin, India: Implications for early Cretaceous deposition on the north‐western Indian Plate margin

Petrofacies Evolution of Bayana Basin Sandstones of Mesoproterozoic Delhi Supergroup, Bharatpur District, Rajasthan, Northwestern India

Tracing source and palaeo‐weathering conditions of quartzose sandstone in the Cretaceous Cambay Basin: A combined petrographical, geochemical and geochronological approach

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