Single crystal RuO2 (110): Surface structure

Resolving ruthenium: XPS studies of common ruthenium materials

“…The broader 3d peak structure of the hydrate initially suggests the presence of multiple oxidation states, and many have assigned higher BE features to the presence of RuO 3. However, RuO 3 is known not to exist in a stable bulk phase, and previous reports have relied on its isolation in the physisorbed state . Whilst little in the way of conclusive evidence to the existence of RuO 3 as a surface species has been offered in the literature, Cox et al have experimentally shown an excellent correlation between ultraviolet spectroscopy measurements and calculations of the band structure for a fully stoichiometric surface strengthening an argument against its presence.…”

Epitaxial Growth of Ruthenium Dioxides on Ru(0001) Surface

“…It exhibits that the [001] Ru-atomic row spacing of the (100) RuO 2 clusters is 14% larger than that of the of Ru(0001) substrate, proving the (100) RuO 2 clusters are incommensurately growing on Ru(0001). It is concluded, tentatively that the observed ruthenium oxide grown on Ru(0001) has a rutile structure exhibiting a tetragonal symmetry (a o = b o = 4.50, c o = 3.11 Å) [26,27].…”

“…The inset in Figure 9 shows the atomic composition of the (100) RuO 2 single crystal, where only ruthenium atoms are present on the (100) plane, and the plane lying just below the top plane has only oxygen atoms. While both ruthenium and oxygen atoms are present on the (110) and (001) planes [27].…”

“…A schematic drawing of the epitaxial growth of the (110) Ruoxide-domains on Ru(0001) deduced by LEED pattern is illustrated in Figure 12B [25,27]. The inset in Figure 12 shows the atomic composition of the (110) plane of RuO 2 where both Ru and O atoms are present, while only Ru atoms are present in the (100) RuO 2 plane [27]. The mechanism for the different orientation growth of (hkl) RuO 2 in liquid and gas phases is not yet clear.…”

Performance of Ultra-Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Methane and Natural Gas Fuels: The Role of Electrode Microstructure

“…A third component at 532.2 eV appears with samples operated with methane. This component has been attributed to the presence of absorbed water or oxygen containing compounds (9,10). There are two significant changes in oxidation state after operation with methane fuel, 1) pronounced growth of the O 2-peak, and 2) emergence of a peak related to oxygen containing compounds.…”