Single-crystal ferroelectrics and their application in light-valve display devices

Marie, G.; Donjon, J.

doi:10.1109/proc.1973.9184

Cited by 27 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…25 and 212 K given in ref. 26. The lowest half-wave voltage of 511 V in our measurements was obtained at the crystal temperatures of 231 K. At lower temperature, we could not observe the polarization rotation due to increasing scatter of the probe laser in the crystal.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

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Electro-Optic Characteristics of a Cooled Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal

Yasuki

Yoshida

Tokita

et al. 2010

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The EB stepper is an electron beam projection lithography (EPL) system. The EB stepper system is similar to an optical scanning exposure system with a reticle. Nikon has been developing EB stepper on the basis of the optical stepper design. The field size of the electron optical (EO) subsystem of EB stepper (subfield/(SF)) is 1 mm square on a reticle and 250 µm square on a wafer (demagnification: 4×). For full chip exposure, SF exposures are stitched using electron beam deflection and stage movement. A new type of stage has been developed for EB stepper using air guides and linear motors to achieve a high-throughput target. These subsystems are assembled separately at present. In this paper, preliminary results on EB stepper as an exposure system are reported. Progress on infrastructures for EPL is discussed.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…The increase of the electro-optic coefficient of a 97% deuterated KDPcrystal was reported at low temperature. 25,26) Recently, a more than 98% deuterated KDP crystal has been commercially available, therefore a much higher temperature rate will be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Optic Characteristics of a Cooled Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal

Yasuki

Yoshida

Tokita

et al. 2010

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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A Crystallizer for Growing Large Singe Crystals from Solution under Steady‐State Concentration Convection Conditions

Nicolau

1974

Cryst Res and Technol

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A crystallizer for growing large single crystals from solution under steady-state concentration convection conditions is described. The crystallizer has only one vessel divided by a drilled plate in two compartments kept a t different temperatures. The convection of concentration occurs through the dividing plate between the compartments. The crystallizer was used for growing KDP and TGS single crystals. Mass-apd heat transfer equations are derived. Growth rate calculations may be carried out using the derived equations. Growth rate measurements of KDP crystals have been performed. The overall heat transfer coefficient for tho transfer of heat through the dividing plate is also experimentally determined. Light absorption, ESR and Mossbauer spectra have shown the presence of Fe+a, Crt3 and Mn+a ions in the (100) greenish zones of KDP crystals.Ein Kristallisator fiir die Zuchtung von groJ3en Einkristallen aus der Losung unter stationaren Bedingungen wird beschrieben. Die Konvektion wird durch den Konzentrationsgradienten kontrolliert. Der Kristallisator besteht aus einem Tank, der mittels einer durchbrochenen Platte unterteilt ist. Durch diese Trennplatte hindurch findet Konzentrationskonvektion statt, wobei beide Seiten auf verschiedenen Temperaturen gehalten werden. Der Kristallisator wurde fur die Zuchtung von KDP-und TGS-Einkristallen verwendet. Die Masse-und Wiirmeubergangsgleichungen fur dieses System werden angegeben. Aus diesen Gleichungen kann die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit berechnet werden. Fur KDP-Einkristalle wurde die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit experimentell bestimmt. Auch die Wiirmeiibergangslionstante an der Trennplatte wurde gemessen. Verunreinigungen durch Fe+a, Cr+3 und Mn+Z Ionen konnten in den grunlichen (100) Zonen der KDP-Kristalle durch Lichtabsorptions-, ESR-und Mossbauer-Spektren nachgewiesen werden.

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Interface devices and memory materials

Knight¹

1981

Topics in Applied Physics

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Single-crystal ferroelectrics and their application in light-valve display devices

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Electro-Optic Characteristics of a Cooled Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal

Electro-Optic Characteristics of a Cooled Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal

A Crystallizer for Growing Large Singe Crystals from Solution under Steady‐State Concentration Convection Conditions

Interface devices and memory materials

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