Single‐Component CMOS‐Like Logic using Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Ambipolar Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Abstract

Complementary circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are attractive for the development of inexpensive and disposable point-ofcare bioelectronic devices. Ambipolar OECTs, which employ a single channel material, could decrease the fabrication complexity and manufacturing costs of such circuits. An ideal channel material for ambipolar OECTs should be electrochemically stable in aqueous environments, afford facile ion insertion for both cations and anions, and also facilitate high and balanced electron and hole transport. In this study, triethylene glycol functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer is proposed for the development of ambipolar OECTs. It is shown that DPP-based OECTs have a high and comparable figure of merit for both n-and p-type operations. Logic NOT, NAND, and NOR operations with corresponding complementary circuits constructed from identical DPP-based OECT devices are demonstrated. This study is an important step toward the development of sophisticated complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor-like logic circuits using single-component OECTs.

Green Synthesis of Lactone‐Based Conjugated Polymers for n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors

“…The observed trend in the LUMO level results is consistent with the values previously observed for their alkyl chain counterparts. [41,42] Switching from organic media to aqueous media led to the same trend in reduction onset (Figure S1b, Supporting Information). The difference between the onset in organic E red,org and aqueous media E red,aq (ΔE re ) can be used to estimate favorable energetics of ion bulk doping into the semiconducting polymers.…”

“…UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra were performed on the spin‐coated polymer films on glass ( Figure a; Table S1, Supporting Information). Similar to their alkylated counterparts, [ 41,42 ] these polymers exhibit the two typical bands that characterize D–A copolymers; the high‐energy band between 400 and 600 nm is attributed to the π–π* transition, while the high‐energy band between 600 and 1400 nm is ascribed to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). p(C‐T) , p(C‐2T) , and p(N‐T) display similar absorption maximum wavelength at around 771 nm and optical bandgaps ( E g,opt , derived from the onset of the absorption spectra of the polymer films) around 1.28 eV.…”

“…The observed trend in the LUMO level results is consistent with the values previously observed for their alkyl chain counterparts. [ 41,42 ]…”

Adaptive Biosensing and Neuromorphic Classification Based on an Ambipolar Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor

“…One strategy to design ambipolar polymer mixed conductors is copolymerizing an electron deficient moiety (acceptor), such as naphthalenediimide (NDI) or diketopyyrolopyrrole (DPP), with an electron rich moiety (donor) like thiophene to obtain a narrow bandgap. [ 20,21 ] These donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers are modified with hydrophilic ethylene glycol (EG) type side chains for aqueous electrolyte gated organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The EG chains support highly efficient electrochemical doping within the whole volume and enables low voltage (<1 V) operation, which is essential when using an aqueous electrolyte.…”

“…The EG chains support highly efficient electrochemical doping within the whole volume and enables low voltage (<1 V) operation, which is essential when using an aqueous electrolyte. These OECTs exhibit p‐ and n‐type characteristics, and are integrated into ambipolar inverters for logic circuits [ 21 ] and biosignal amplifiers. [ 22 ] In order to operate stable OMIEC devices properly in n‐type mode in water, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level below −4 eV is required to avoid side reactions with water and oxygen.…”