Single-color pyrometry of individual incandescent multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

Objects that are small compared to their thermal photon wavelengths violate the assumptions underlying optical pyrometry and can show unusual coherence effects. To investigate this regime we measure the absolute light intensity from individual, incandescent multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The nanotube filaments' physical dimensions and composition are determined using transmission electron microscopy and their emissivities are calculated in terms of bulk conductivities. A singlecolor pyrometric analysis then returns a temperature value for each wavelength, polarization, and applied bias measured. Compared to the more common multiwavelength analysis, single-color pyrometry supports a more consistent and complete picture of the carbon nanotube lamps, one that describes their emissivity, optical conductivity, and thermal conductivity in the range 1600-2400 K.

Nanogap fabrication by Joule heating of electromechanically spun suspended carbon nanofibers

“…Carbon fibers are expected to withstand a certain critical temperature depending upon the conditions of the atmosphere. In other carbon allotropes, such as multiwalled CNTs, this temperature has been estimated to be around 2400 K [58], and 3200 K [20,59] in high vacuum conditions. In the case of the lower bound, the value also corresponds to the sublimation temperature of graphite in vacuum conditions [60].…”

“…where is the thermal conductivity, the temperature, the applied current, the applied voltage and the length. It can be shown that the solution to Equation (1) is given by [58]:…”

Nanoscale temperature mapping in operating microelectronic devices

“…3G as a function of the heater power. As expected for a small device in vacuum that is too cool to radiate appreciably, the temperature is linear in the applied power (6). When working either with devices or with lamellae deployed as local thermometers, a plot such as Fig.…”

Flexible, High Temperature, Planar Lighting with Large Scale Printable Nanocarbon Paper

“…However, previous carbon materials, both bulk and nano, ultimately failed to compete with tungsten filaments for efficient lighting. Although numerous carbon nanotube and graphene‐based incandescent sources have been demonstrated, only a few reported operating temperatures T exceeding 2000 K, and none could achieve the T > 3000 K required to compete with tungsten filament light bulbs. The Stefan–Boltzmann law dictates that the radiation output scales as T 4 , and higher T results in comparatively more radiation in the visible range than the infrared so a high operating T enhances both power density and efficiency.…”