Abstract:Background:
Inflammation is a key component of cardiac disease, with macrophages and T lymphocytes mediating essential roles in the progression to heart failure. Nonetheless, little insight exists on other immune subsets involved in the cardiotoxic response.
Methods:
Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to map the cardiac immune composition in the standard murine nonischemic, pressure-overload heart failure model. By focusing our anal… Show more
“…Several studies have demonstrated the implication of OSM in cardiovascular diseases; in fact, its receptor is expressed in cardiomyocytes, which supports these findings. This adipokine is expressed in cardiac tissue from patients undergoing valve surgery, tissues from patients with end-stage heart failure and in aortic samples showing inflammation, but not in healthy hearts [ 186 , 187 , 188 ].…”
Section: Role Of Some Adipokines In Inflammatory Processes Associamentioning
It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.
“…Several studies have demonstrated the implication of OSM in cardiovascular diseases; in fact, its receptor is expressed in cardiomyocytes, which supports these findings. This adipokine is expressed in cardiac tissue from patients undergoing valve surgery, tissues from patients with end-stage heart failure and in aortic samples showing inflammation, but not in healthy hearts [ 186 , 187 , 188 ].…”
Section: Role Of Some Adipokines In Inflammatory Processes Associamentioning
It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.
“…Finally, single-cell transcriptome analysis will be crucial to uncovering epigenomic changes within various cellular and sub-cellular populations to further shed light on the correlation of (epi)transcriptomic changes in aged and diseased tissue. Single-cell RNA sequencing of a murine cardiac pressure-overload HF model revealed that induction of HF leads to an intricate immune activation, whereby a myriad of cells, including neutrophils, B cells, NK cells and mast cells are activated [76]. Using this approach, and correlation of aberrant or acute immune responses with disease onset during aging can further shed light onto the underlying mechanisms of the failing heart.…”
Aging is an important risk factor for several human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders, resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors (e.g., diet, smoking, obesity and stress), which, at molecular level, cause changes in gene expression underlying the decline of physiological function. Epigenetics, which include mechanisms regulating gene expression independently of changes to DNA sequence, regulate gene expression by modulating the structure of chromatin or by regulating the binding of transcriptional machinery to DNA. Several studies showed that an impairment of epigenetic mechanisms promotes alteration of gene expression underlying several aging-related diseases. Alteration of these mechanisms is also linked with changes of gene expression that occurs during aging processes of different tissues. In this review, we will outline the potential role of epigenetics in the onset of two age-related pathologies, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
“…We also performed molecular pathology analysis using cardiac biopsy samples from patients with heart failure before treatment to demonstrate that the level of DNA damage in cardiomyocytes determines clinical prognosis and treatment response [9]. Recent single-cell RNA-seq analysis in heart failure biology has also revealed the involvement of inflammatory cells [10] and the anatomical expression profiles of disease-causing genes [11,12].…”
Section: Single-cell Genomics To Dissect the Biology Of Heart Failurementioning
Cells are minimal functional units in biological phenomena, and therefore single-cell analysis is needed to understand the molecular behavior leading to cellular function in organisms. In addition, omics analysis technology can be used to identify essential molecular mechanisms in an unbiased manner. Recently, single-cell genomics has unveiled hidden molecular systems leading to disease pathogenesis in patients. In this review, I summarize the recent advances in single-cell genomics for the understanding of disease pathogenesis and discuss future perspectives.
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