Single‐Cell Microelectrochemistry

Schulte, Albert; Schuhmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1002/anie.200604851

Cited by 162 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 234 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Electrochemical techniques have been applied to detect various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Some of these utilize direct detection of diverse reactive species based on their differential redox potentials, while others use electrodes modified with molecules or proteins with electrocatalytic activity towards the species of interest.…”

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox regulation of calcium ion channels: Chemical and physiological aspects

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tReactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as second messengers in many cellular processes. While high concentrations of oxidants damage proteins, lipids and DNA, ultimately resulting in cell death, selective and reversible oxidation of key residues in proteins is a physiological mechanism that can transiently alter their activity and function. Defects in ROS producing enzymes cause disturbed immune response and disease.Changes in the intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration are key triggers for diverse cellular functions. Ca 2+ homeostasis thus needs to be precisely tuned by channels, pumps, transporters and cellular buffering systems. Alterations of these key regulatory proteins by reversible or irreversible oxidation alter the physiological outcome following cell stimulation. It is therefore necessary to understand which proteins are regulated and if this regulation is relevant in a physiological-and/or pathophysiological context. Because ROS are inherently difficult to identify and to measure, we first review basic oxygen redox chemistry and methods of ROS detection with special emphasis on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We then focus on the present knowledge of redox regulation of Ca 2+ permeable ion channels such as voltage-gated (CaV) Ca 2+ channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and Orai channels.© 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Basic redox chemistry of oxygenMany chemical processes are linked to the exchange of electrons between two or more molecular entities. The transfer of one (or more) electron(s) is associated with oxidation (loss of electron) and reduction (gain of electron) of the components. Such reactions are also known as redox reactions. The processes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and elimination are exclusively of redox nature.Molecular oxygen is the precursor of all ROS. It contains two unpaired electrons in separate (antibonding) orbitals in its outer electron sphere and is thus, by definition, a radical. Radicals have at least one unpaired electron in their orbital system and usually show high reactivity; transition metal ions also may have unpaired electrons, but are not called radicals. Although having radical character, molecular oxygen is chemically rather inert (luckily!), because high * Corresponding authors at: Institut für Biophysik, Gebäude 58, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany. Tel.: +49 6841 1626453; fax: +49 6841 1626060.E-mail addresses: ivan.bogeski@uks.eu (I. Bogeski), barbara.niemeyer@uks.eu (B.A. Niemeyer).

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Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox regulation of calcium ion channels: Chemical and physiological aspects

et al. 2011

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“…9,10,41,42 Among the diverse range of applications, SECM has probed membrane permeability, 7,43 detected the presence of metabolites, 15,44 and evaluated enzymatic activity. 45,46 A few recent examples are briefly discussed below.…”

Section: ' Selected Demonstrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Its Application to Live Cell Studies

et al. 2011

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“…This process allows the conversion of an electrical signal to a chemical one, which is necessary for signal communication between cells. [1][2][3] An alternative way to study the process of exocytotic release is by electrical measurements that mainly include electrophysiological ͑i.e., membrane capacitance measurements͒ 4,5 and electrochemical detection ͑e.g., constant-potential amperometry, high-speed chronoamperometry, fastscan cyclic voltammetry͒. [6][7][8][9][10] Another possible approach to study exocytosis is through optical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release monitoring of single cells on a microfluidic device coupled with fluorescence microscopy and electrochemistry

et al. 2010

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A method for monitoring the biological exocytotic phenomena on a microfluidic system was proposed. A microfluidic device coupled with functionalities of fluorescence imaging and amperometric detection has been developed to enable the real-time monitoring of the exocytotic events. Exocytotic release of single SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was studied. By staining the cells located on integrated microelectrodes with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde, punctuate fluorescence consistent with localization of neurotransmitters stored in vesicles was obtained. The stimulated exocytotic release was successfully observed at the surface of SH-SY5Y cells without refitting the commercial inverted fluorescence microscope. Spatially and temporally resolved exocytotic events from single cells on a microfluidic device were visualized in real time using fluorescence microscopy and were amperometrically recorded by the electrochemical system simultaneously. This coupled technique is simple and is hoped to provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the kinetics of exocytosis.

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Single‐Cell Microelectrochemistry

Cited by 162 publications

References 234 publications

Redox regulation of calcium ion channels: Chemical and physiological aspects

Redox regulation of calcium ion channels: Chemical and physiological aspects

Biological Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Its Application to Live Cell Studies

Release monitoring of single cells on a microfluidic device coupled with fluorescence microscopy and electrochemistry

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