This
study presents antibiofilm coating formulations based on Pickering
emulsion templating. The coating contains no bioactive material because
its antibiofilm properties stem from passive mechanisms that derive
solely from the superhydrophobic nature of the coating. Moreover,
unlike most of the superhydrophobic formulations, our system is fluorine-free,
thus making the method eminently suitable for food and medical applications.
The coating formulation is based on water in toluene or xylene emulsions
that are stabilized using commercial hydrophobic silica, with polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS) dissolved in toluene or xylene. The structure of the emulsions
and their stability was characterized by confocal microscopy and cryogenic-scanning
electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). The most stable emulsions are applied
on polypropylene (PP) surfaces and dried in an oven to form PDMS/silica
coatings in a process called emulsion templating. The structure of
the resulting coatings was investigated by atomic force microscopy
(AFM) and SEM. The surface of the coatings shows a honeycomb-like
structure that exhibits a combination of micron-scale and nanoscale
roughness, which endows it with its superhydrophobic properties. After
tuning, the superhydrophobic properties of the coatings demonstrated
highly efficient passive antibiofilm activity. In vitro antibiofilm
trials with E. coli indicate that the
coatings reduced the biofilm accumulation by 83% in the xylene–water-based
surfaces and by 59% in the case of toluene–water-based surfaces.