“…The application of Raman spectroscopy is an expanding field and it includes fermentation monitoring (Sivakesava, Irudayaraj & Demirci, 2001;Ewanick et al, 2013;Olson et al, 2016;Zu et al, 2016), detection and identification of microorganisms (Nelson, Manoharan & Sperry, 1992;Kirschner et al, 2001;Pahlow et al, 2015), monitoring the kinetics of germination of individual Clostridium difficile spores (Wang et al, 2015) and detection of its toxins (Koya et al, 2018). It has been also demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can be used in near-real time phenotyping of Escherichia coli exposed to alcohol (Zu et al, 2014;Zu, Athamneh & Senger, 2016) and antibiotics (Athamneh et al, 2014), single cell phenotyping (Wu et al, 2011;Serrano et al, 2014;Sun et al, 2015;García-Timermans et al, 2019), and characterizing phenotypic differences among E. coli enriched for 1-butanol tolerance (Freedman et al, 2016;Zu et al, 2014). Thus, Raman spectroscopy was selected as an effective method for probing changes in Synechocystis phenotypes in near real-time when exposed to external stimuli.…”