Single-Beam Atomic Magnetometer Based on the Transverse Magnetic-Modulation or DC-Offset

Liu, Gang; Tang, Junjian; Yin, Yan; Wang, Yaxiang; Zhou, Binquan; Han, Bangcheng

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.2973201

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 ]) are appreciably smaller and typically exhibit reduced sensitivity. Notably, superconducting magnetometers (SQUIDs [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]) and devices with optical readout (optomechanical [ 20 , 131 , 144 , 145 , 149 ], NV diamond [ 19 , 132 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 ], atomic vapor cell [ 130 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 191 ], and SERF [ 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 ]) are almost universally more sensitive than their conventional/electronic counterparts of comparable sensor size (we have displayed atomic vapor cell and SERF separately, despite their underlying similarities, because of their markedly different SWaP, dynamic range, and control requirements). Furthermore, these emerging technologies are still far from the ultimate perform...…”

Section: Brief Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the colored regions do not consider the power drain incurred by support systems such as electronic processing, cryogenics, heating, etc. It is evident that heritage magnetometers [ 29 , 31 , 33 , 34 ] have similar total power requirements (solid points in Figure 9 ) to atomic vapor cells [ 130 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ], SERFs [ 192 , 194 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 ], and SQUIDs [ 92 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 ], but the new technologies have an advantage in terms of absolute sensitivity. For applications requiring low power consumption and intermediate sensitivities, optomechanical [ 131 , 149 ], NV [ 19 , 132 , 169 , 170 , 172 , 173 ], and chip-scale electronic sensors [ 70 , 71 ] are most appropriate.…”

Section: Brief Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Sensitivities for available and emerging magnetometers. The colored regions indicate typical parameter regimes for each category of device, with icons showing representative examples from the scientific literature (heritage [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 62 , 63 ]; chip-scale electronic [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 ]; optomechanical [ 20 , 131 , 144 , 145 , 149 ]; nitrogen–vacancy [ 19 , 132 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 ]; atomic vapor cell [ 130 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 191 ]; SERF [ 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“… Sensor power requirements for available and emerging magnetometers, not including support systems such as cryostats (except as indicated below). Colored regions indicate typical parameter regimes for different varieties of magnetometer (heritage [ 29 , 31 , 33 , 34 ]; chip-scale electronic [ 70 , 71 ]; optomechanical [ 131 , 149 ]; nitrogen–vacancy [ 19 , 132 , 169 , 170 , 172 , 173 ]; atomic vapor cell [ 130 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ]; SERF [ 192 , 194 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 ]; SQUID [ 92 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 ]). Representative examples from the scientific literature are given as “open” (white with black border) icons.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review

Bennett

Vyhnalek

Greenall

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Aerospace technologies are crucial for modern civilization; space-based infrastructure underpins weather forecasting, communications, terrestrial navigation and logistics, planetary observations, solar monitoring, and other indispensable capabilities. Extraplanetary exploration—including orbital surveys and (more recently) roving, flying, or submersible unmanned vehicles—is also a key scientific and technological frontier, believed by many to be paramount to the long-term survival and prosperity of humanity. All of these aerospace applications require reliable control of the craft and the ability to record high-precision measurements of physical quantities. Magnetometers deliver on both of these aspects and have been vital to the success of numerous missions. In this review paper, we provide an introduction to the relevant instruments and their applications. We consider past and present magnetometers, their proven aerospace applications, and emerging uses. We then look to the future, reviewing recent progress in magnetometer technology. We particularly focus on magnetometers that use optical readout, including atomic magnetometers, magnetometers based on quantum defects in diamond, and optomechanical magnetometers. These optical magnetometers offer a combination of field sensitivity, size, weight, and power consumption that allows them to reach performance regimes that are inaccessible with existing techniques. This promises to enable new applications in areas ranging from unmanned vehicles to navigation and exploration.

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Section: Brief Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review

Bennett

Vyhnalek

Greenall

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…The first total-field magnetometer featuring microfabricated vapor cell had a sensitivity of 50 pT/Hz 1/2 . Significant progress has been made since, with several groups reporting noise floors at the pT/Hz 1/2 level and below [14]- [16]. Microfabricated OPMs have allowed for millimeter-size active volume and a noise floor below 150 fT/Hz 1/2 in a gradiometer mode [17], predicting the possibility to achieve magnetometer noise floor below 100 fT/Hz 1/2 [14], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalar Magnetometry Below 100 fT/Hz^1/2 in a Microfabricated Cell

2020

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Zero-field optically-pumped magnetometers are a room-temperature alternative to traditionally used superconducting sensors detecting extremely weak magnetic fields. They offer certain advantages such as small size, flexible arrangement, reduced sensitivity in ambient fields offering the possibility for telemetry. Devices based on microfabricated technology are nowadays commercially available. The limited dynamic range and vector nature of the zero-field magnetometers restricts their use to environments heavily shielded against magnetic noise. Total-field (or scalar) magnetometers based on microfabricated cells have demonstrated subpicotesla sensitivities only recently. This work demonstrates a scalar magnetometer based on a single optical axis, 18 (3 × 3 × 2) mm 3 microfabricated cell, with a noise floor of 70 fT/Hz 1/2 . The magnetometer operates in a large static magnetic field range, and and is based on a simple optical and electronic configuration that allows the development of dense sensor arrays. Different methods of magnetometer interrogation are demonstrated. The features of this magnetic field sensor hold promise for applications of miniature sensors in nonzero field environments such as unshielded magnetoencephalography (MEG) and brain-computer interfaces (BCI).

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In Situ Spin Polarization Measurement Method and Identification of Optimal Spin Polarization Range in Atomic Magnetometer

Li,

Zhai,

et al. 2024

Adv Quantum Tech

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In this study, an in situ measurement method of spin polarization in single‐beam atomic magnetometer is presented. Modeling magnetic linewidth by incorporating nonlinear attenuation along the propagation direction of light and employing the output response equation of magnetometers at zero‐field resonance. Utilizing the model for fitting to extract relaxation rate information, the photon absorption cross‐sections at three temperatures are estimated to be , , and , respectively. Further, the spin polarization curves are obtained by introducing the spin polarization equations. Given the diminishing marginal utility resulting from the enhancement of performance through increased spin polarization, long‐term sensitivity is employed to determine optimal spin polarization range. The optimal long‐term sensitivity for four displayed states is (@31.5Hz), while the ultimate minimum sensitivity is 10.7 (@31.5Hz). The optimal spin polarization ranges at three temperatures are 78.9%–87.1%, 82.3%–88.5%, and 84.5%–88.4%, respectively. The measurement method applied to single‐beam magnetometer can be easily extended to multi‐axis vector magnetometer. The determination of optimal spin polarization range is of great significance for the performance and stability of the magnetometer system, improving the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement, and ensuring its widespread application in bio‐magnetic measurement.

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Single-Beam Atomic Magnetometer Based on the Transverse Magnetic-Modulation or DC-Offset

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review

Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review

Scalar Magnetometry Below 100 fT/Hz^1/2 in a Microfabricated Cell

In Situ Spin Polarization Measurement Method and Identification of Optimal Spin Polarization Range in Atomic Magnetometer

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Single-Beam Atomic Magnetometer Based on the Transverse Magnetic-Modulation or DC-Offset

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review

Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review

Scalar Magnetometry Below 100 fT/Hz1/2 in a Microfabricated Cell

In Situ Spin Polarization Measurement Method and Identification of Optimal Spin Polarization Range in Atomic Magnetometer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Scalar Magnetometry Below 100 fT/Hz^1/2 in a Microfabricated Cell