“…Transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) catalysts, especially Co, Fe, and Ni-based sulfides, − born with a cost-effective perspective and modified potential possibility, have been extensively studied to meet the requirements of high-efficiency electrocatalysts. Among them, Co-based sulfides, such as CoS, , Co 3 S 4 , − CoS 2 , , and Co 9 S 8 , , have been employed as active and low-cost ORR/OER electrocatalysts for energy applications. For example, CoS was reported as an efficient and stable electrocatalytic active center based on carbon support, Nevertheless, the single catalytic activity, limited active site, and poor conductivity restrict CoS from being used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst in flexible ZABs. , To maximize the catalytic efficiency of TMS-based electrode materials, chemical composition tuning and nanostructure modification are common strategies .…”