Single-atom catalysts for hydroformylation of olefins

K-promoted cobalt-based catalysts for heterogeneous hydroformylation

“…Non-precious metal cobalt-based catalysts are considered as a promising alternative due to their low cost. 14 Nevertheless, the severe metal leaching, poor activity and low selectivity extremely limit the practical application of cobalt-based catalysts in the heterogeneous hydroformylation reaction. 15 Therefore, it is necessary to design novel catalysts to suppress the loss of cobalt and enhance catalytic activity.…”

MOF‐Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts for Hydroformylation Reactions: A Minireview

“…[1,2] Also known as "Oxo process", this reaction adds carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen to the alkene molecules to form corresponding aldehydes in a one step process with 100 % atom efficiency. [3] Moreover, in recent days hydroformylation reaction is considered as one of the most important synthetic tools for the synthesis of CÀ C bond directly leading to the value-added aldehydes and their derivatives such as alcohols, acids, etc. Such products, obtained from hydroformylation reaction, are very much essential for the production of detergents or surfactants, polymer plasticizers, industrial solvents, etc.…”

“…[4,5] As a consequence of high demand, in recent years it has been estimated that more than 12 million tons of oxoproducts are being produced industrially every year. [3] On the other hand, hydroformylation reaction of alkenes can lead to the formation of mixture of isomeric products, i. e., n-alddehydes (linear) and i-aldehydes (branched), except in the case of ethylene, where only one type of aldehyde product is expected (n-alddehyde) (Scheme 1). Moreover, due to the possibility in the isomerization of the olefin bonds of respective alkenes, many different types of branch aldehydes can be formed from a single olefin moiety.…”

“…However, there are many other metals of interest for this reaction, and the order for the activity and regioselectivity is as follows, Rh @ Co > Ir > Ru > Pd > Mn > Fe > Ni @ Re. [3] Again, hydroformylation reaction is considered as the largest industrially relevant process runs by homogeneous catalysts. Initially, cobalt based homogeneous catalysts were used to synthesize aldehydes from alkenes.…”

“…Many types of solid supports have been reported for the design of heterogeneous catalysts for hydroformylation reactions, which include zeolites, silica, porous organic polymers (POPs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), etc. [2,3,5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The last decade has seen the emergence and evolution of MOFs based heterogeneous catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins.…”