Single- and Dual-Band Transparent Circularly Polarized Patch Antennas With Metamaterial Loading

Transparent Antenna for Green Communication Feature: A Systematic Review on Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Motivations, Future Directions and Recommendations

“…and can be as Optically Transparent Antennas using a glass as substrate with mesh silver film printed for X-band applications [51] , or a PET substrate with copper (Cu) micro meshed for indoor applications [50] , or with bulk Cu for internet of things (IoT) application [57] , Or with MMF copper is printed on the substrate for UHD TV Applications [2] , or using a quartz substrate with silver epoxy for CubeSats application [12] . and can be a Mesh Antennas using rear glass substrate with metal (Cu) mesh μ-metal mesh film (MMF) for DMB service receiving application [54] , or quarter glasses substrate with MMF (Cu) for DMB service receiving application [55] , or using a Borosilicate glass with copper (Cu) for multifunctional solar antenna devices [67] , or using PET substrate with silver for WLAN system [58] , or using Lexan as substrate with (Cu) for many future wireless applications that are projected to use unlicensed spectrum [62] , or using a square-lattice structure with wired metal mesh (WMM) (Cu) for wireless transparent usages [53] , or using a Rogers 6002 substrate with wire mesh for cube satellites (CubeSats) and Other Small Satellites [52] ,or using a transparent acryl substrate with MMF (Cu) for Wi-Fi [47]. Twenty-three (28.39 %) articles had looked into conductive metal materials and five type of study (transparent Array antenna, Mesh antenna, Compact and Transparent Antennas, Optically Transparent Antennas, Circuit) to identify or to evaluate transparent antenna approaches.…”

“…Conventional antennas are commonly fabricated using subtractive techniques that demand wet etching or lithography for structuring, as well as vacuum systems for metallization via sputtering or evaporation. These fabrication methods bear some severe disadvantages [43] that limit the amount of research work, such as the intricacy of fabrication [77], smaller mesh features that lead to more challenges in fabrication [32,86], a slight decrease in performance when compared to the simulation results in the dual-band design due to fabrication challenges [52], fabrication error that leads to outcome variance [33], disagreement between simulated and measured results due to manufacturing procedure; transparent sheet is patterned using laser cutter that generates heat, thus causing the sheet to lose its conductivity, while copper sheet is patterned using hand, thus lacking precision [20].…”

“…Various meanings and motivations reflect the concern of researchers in this area in light of systematic transparent antenna over antennas. Researchers are keen in transparent antenna and transparent wireless system due to the huge benefits offered by this field for deployment on this planet Earth and the outside spacea breakthrough in space and earth sciences [52], [30]. In the field of transparent electronics, optically transparent antenna and transparent electrodes have garnered interest.…”

A Wide Dual-Band Metamaterial-Loaded Antenna for Wireless Applications

“…A design approach for MTM loading called the mesh-grid approach, which is built on a ceramic substrate, is proposed in [14], and a unidirectional loop antenna loaded with μ-negative MMT unit-cells and arc-shaped directors is presented in [15]. The introduction of a gap between transmission conductors and vias to obtain inductive and capacitive loading is presented in [16].…”

Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array for GPS application

“…Circular polarization is one of the key features that should be impelemented in the GPS system as it is more flexible orientation of transmitting and receiving antenna [4]. Moreover, it can eliminate overcoming multipath effect and enhance weather penetration and mobility [5]. However, it is difficult to build the good and circularly polarized antenna.…”