Single and combined effects of regulated and emerging mycotoxins on viability and mitochondrial function of SH-SY5Y cells

Pérez-Fuentes, Nadia; Alvariño, Rebeca; Alfonso, Amparo; González-Jartı́n, Jesús M.; Gegunde, Sandra; Vieytes, Mercedes R.; Botana, Luís M.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112308

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thus, emerging mycotoxins cause mitochondria-mediated cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that they may be detrimental to human health if left unchecked (Chiminelli et al 2022). When regulated and emerging mycotoxins coexist on natural matrices, more damage is observed (Pérez-Fuentes et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Emerging Mycotoxins in Chicken Feed and Eggs from Algeria

Laouni,

Hernández-Mesa,

Messai

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Poultry farming has developed into one of Algeria's most productive agricultural indus-tries because of the growing demand for sources of protein among Algerian society. Laying hen feed consists mainly of cereals, which can be contaminated with molds and subsequently with their secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. These later can pose a serious danger to the produc-tion and quality of eggs in the commercial layer industry. This work focuses on the detection of emerging mycotoxins, mainly enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA), in poultry feed and eggs from different locations in Algeria. Two different QuEChERS-based extractions were established to extract ENNs and BEA from chicken feed and eggs. The determination of mycotoxins occurrence was achieved by a UHPLC-MS/MS method using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and MeOH as mobile phase, an ESI interface operating in positive mode and a triple quadrupole mass spectrom-eter operating in MRM for the detection. Matrix-matched calibration curves were carried out for both matrices, obtaining good linearity (R2 > 0.99). The method performance was assessed in terms of extraction recovery (from 87% to 107%), matrix effect (from -47% to -86%), precision (RSD < 15%) and limits of quantitation (≤1.1 µg/kg for feed and ≤ 0.8 µg/kg for eggs). The analysis of 10 chicken feed samples and 35 egg samples showed that ENN B1 was the most common mycotoxin (i.e. found in 9 samples) with contamination levels ranging from 3.6 to 41.5 µg/kg, while BEA was detected only in one sample (12 µg/kg). However, eggs were not found to be contaminated with any my-cotoxin at the detection limit levels. Our findings indicate that the searched mycotoxins are present in traces in feed and absent in eggs. This can be explained by the application of mycotoxins binder. However, this does not put a stop on the conduction of additional research and ultimately setting regulations to prevent the occurrence of emerging mycotoxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Emerging Mycotoxins in Chicken Feed and Eggs from Algeria

Laouni,

Hernández-Mesa,

Messai

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Viability was shown to be reduced by 50% during a 72 h exposure at 2.5 µM, with some studies citing a 43% decrease in viability at the highest concentration assayed (2.5 μM) after 48 h of exposure [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Diverse findings have been noted regarding IC 50 values at different exposure times, such as 1.9 µM at 6 h, 1.7 µM at 24 h, and 1.5 µM at 48 h [ 61 , 62 ]. LDH leakage was also found to be induced by 1 µM of BEA, corroborating results obtained by the MTT assay [ 61 ].…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acrylamide and Mycotoxins in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Review

Bridgeman,

Juan,

Berrada

et al. 2024

Toxins

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Thermal processes induce the formation of undesired toxic components, such as acrylamide (AA), which has been shown to induce brain toxicity in humans and classified as Group 2A by the International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC), as well as some mycotoxins. AA and mycotoxins’ toxicity is studied in several in vitro models, including the neuroblastoma cell line model SH-SY5Y cells. Both AA and mycotoxins occur together in the same food matrix cereal base (bread, pasta, potatoes, coffee roasting, etc.). Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the neurological effects that AA and mycotoxins can induce on the in vitro model SH-SY5Y and its mechanism of action (MoA) focusing on the experimental assays reported in publications of the last 10 years. The analysis of the latest publications shows that most of them are focused on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and alteration in protein expression, while others are interested in oxidative stress, axonopathy, and the disruption of neurite outgrowth. While both AA and mycotoxins have been studied in SH-SY5Y cells separately, the mixture of them is starting to draw the interest of the scientific community. This highlights a new and interesting field to explore due to the findings reported in several publications that can be compared and the implications in human health that both could cause. In relation to the assays used, the most employed were the MTT, axonopathy, and qPCR assays. The concentration dose range studied was 0.1–10 mM for AA and 2 fM to 200 µM depending on the toxicity and time of exposure for mycotoxins. A healthy and varied diet allows the incorporation of a large family of bioactive compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects associated with contaminants present in food. Although this has been reported in some publications for mycotoxins, there is still a big gap for AA which evidences that more investigations are needed to better explore the risks for human health when exposed to AA and mycotoxins.

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“…Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of a range of filamentous fungi and saphrophytic molds [14]. Among all the toxic filamentous fungi species, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium are important genera, producing regularly widely studied toxins including aflatoxins, patulin, ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), trichothenes: T-2 toxin, fumonisin, tremorgenic toxins, ergot alkaloids, and zearalenone (ZON) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Safe Food Systems: Analyses of Mycotoxin Contaminants in Food and Preventive Strategies Thereof for Their Formation and Toxicity

Mogopodi¹,

Mbisana²,

Raditloko³

et al. 2022

Sustainable Development

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Mycotoxin contaminants in food pose a threat to human and animal health. These lead to food wastage and threaten food security that is already a serious problem in Africa. In addition, these affect trading and especially affect incomes of rural farmers. The broad impacts of these contaminants require integrated solutions and strategies. It is thus critical to not only develop strategies for analysis of these toxins but also develop removal and preventive strategies of these contaminants to ensure consumer safety and compliance with regulatory standards. Further within the aim of promoting food safety, there is need for operational policy framework and strategy on the management of these contaminants to promote their mitigation. This chapter discusses integrated strategies for monitoring and control of mycotoxin contamination in food matrices to promote their mitigation and build resilient food systems in Africa and thus reinforce efforts to reach sustainable food security.

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Single and combined effects of regulated and emerging mycotoxins on viability and mitochondrial function of SH-SY5Y cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Occurrence of Emerging Mycotoxins in Chicken Feed and Eggs from Algeria

Occurrence of Emerging Mycotoxins in Chicken Feed and Eggs from Algeria

Effect of Acrylamide and Mycotoxins in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Review

Toward Safe Food Systems: Analyses of Mycotoxin Contaminants in Food and Preventive Strategies Thereof for Their Formation and Toxicity

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