Single Additive Enables 3D Printing of Highly Loaded Iron Oxide Suspensions

Hodaei, Amin; Akhlaghi, Omid; Khani, Navid; Aytaş, Tunahan; Sezer, Dilek; Tatli, Buse; Menceloǵlu, Yusuf́ Z.; Koç, Bahattin; Akbulut, Özge

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b00551

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…For all the formulations, the addition of magnetic nanofillers up to 8 wt% did not significantly affect the final viscosity (see Figure a). This unexpected result can be explained by considering the lubricant effect of spherical magnetite particles, which counterbalance the viscosity enhancement due to the dispersion of the fillers …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the different strategies, an accessible pathway to fabricate stimuli‐responsive (4D) printed objects consists in magnetizing a soft‐polymer by loading the polymeric matrix with magnetic fillers, such as particles of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) or neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) . Direct ink writing (DIW) and fused filament fabrication (FFF) have been used to fabricate fast responding actuators, inks containing high loads of magnetic fillers and 2D planar structures that exploit folding and unfolding processes . Additionally, 3D printed permanent magnets were developed …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, both DIW and FFF present some drawbacks: first in terms of resolution; second in terms of the dispersion of the fillers, that may lead to nonhomogeneous magnetic response; and third in terms of temperature of processing, which could be not compatible with the fillers . For the last one, the temperature can be decreased using some additives, however this approach may affect the mechanical performances of devices …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

Lantean

Barrera

Pirri

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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nanocomposites [12][13][14][15] -have been investigated for a broad variety of applications, from micro-and soft-robotics [10,[16][17][18] to biomedicine. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Among the different strategies, an accessible pathway to fabricate stimuli-responsive (4D) printed objects consists in magnetizing a soft-polymer by loading the polymeric matrix with magnetic fillers, such as particles of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) or neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB). [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Direct ink writing (DIW) and fused filament fabrication (FFF) have been used to fabricate fast responding actuators, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] inks containing high loads of magnetic fillers [41] and 2D planar structures that exploit folding and unfolding processes. [42] Additionally, 3D printed permanent magnets were developed. [43][44][45][46][47][48] However, both DIW and FFF present some drawbacks: first in terms of resolution; second in terms of the dispersion of the fillers, that may lead to nonhomogeneous magnetic response; and third in terms of temperature of processing, which could be not compatible with the fillers. [48,49] For the last one, the temperature can be decreased using some additives, however this approach may affect the mechanical performances of devices. [41] An alternative to DIW and FFF is digital light processing (DLP). This vat polymerization 3D printing technology involves the use of photosensitive (liquid) resins which are able to cure (i.e., to solidify) upon irradiation with a suitable light source. In DLP, a digital light projector (digital micromirror device) illuminates a photocurable resin with a 2D pixel pattern allowing the curing of single slices of the 3D object. [50][51][52] The aforementioned drawbacks associated to DIW and FFF can be overcome by the use of DLP. Indeed: (i) the printing resolution in DLP belongs to the pixel dimensions and it is generally higher than DIW and FFF, [53,54] (ii) in DLP the dispersion of the fillers is easier to control since liquid formulations are used; and (iii) the fabrication process generally occurs at room temperature. Nevertheless, two precautions must be taken into account: first, the increase of the content of nanoparticles may affect the photopolymerization process since they compete with the photoinitiator in absorbing the incident radiation; and second, the dispersion of the fillers must be stable for the whole printing procedure in order to print an object whose response is homogeneous to an external input. For the latter, macroscopic sedimentation, segregation, and spatial inhomogeneity must be avoided.Digital light processing is used for printing magnetoresponsive polymeric materials with tunable mechanical and magnetic properties. Mechanical properties are tailored, from stiff to soft, by combining urethane-acrylate resins with butyl acrylate as the reactive diluent. The magnetic response of the printed samples is tuned by changing the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle loading up to 6 wt%. Following this strategy, magnetoresponsive active components ar...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

Lantean

Barrera

Pirri

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…[127] Metal oxides nanoparticle [131,132] • Thermal sintering not applicable [131,132] • 7.5-10.8 µΩ cm (Metalon ICI-002HV) [131] • 9 µΩ cm (Metalon ICI-002HV) [133] • 13-15 µΩ cm (Metalon ICI-003) [132] • 65-95 mΩ sq −1 (NS6130-10-1304) [130] • NovaCentrix [131,132] • Nanoshel [130] • Paquet et al [133] • Metalon ICI-002HV (16% CuO loading), Nova-Centrix [131] • Metalon ICI-003 (10% CuO loading), Nova-Centrix [132] • NS6130-10-1304, Nanoshel [130] Iron oxide nanoparticle inks • Not available • Good magnetic properties [134] • Low electrical conductivity [134] • Inductors • Radio frequency devices • Patch antennas [135] • Thermal drying [135] • Drying at 80 °C for 30 min [135] • Saturation magnetization of ≈12.4 under an applied field of 1 kOe [135] • Vaseem et al [135] • Not commercially available [136][137][138][139] • High sintering temperatures required for optimized transparency and electrical conductivity [127] Metal oxides nanoparticle [131,132] • Thermal sintering not applicable [131,132] • 7.5-10.8 µΩ cm (Metalon ICI-002HV) [131] • 9 µΩ cm (Metalon ICI-002HV) [133] • 13-15 µΩ cm (Metalon ICI-003) [132] • 65-95 mΩ sq −1 (NS6130-10-1304) [130] • NovaCentrix [131,132] • Nanoshel …”

Section: Bq321 - Screenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Nanoparticle Inks for 3D Printing of Electronics

Tan

Chua

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

183

100

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Metallic nanoparticle inks are readily obtainable from the commercial market and are commonly used for fabricating conductive tracks and patterns due to their relatively higher electrical conductivity as compared to other types of inks. These metallic nanoparticle inks are made up of electrically conductive metallic nanoparticles suspended in liquid mediums, with particle size ranging from 1 to 100 nm. However, there are also diverse types of metallic nanoparticle inks in the market (for instance, silver nanoparticle inks, gold nanoparticle inks, and copper nanoparticle inks). Metallic nanoparticle inks of different material compositions can directly influence the final electrical, material, and mechanical properties of the printed patterns. This paper presents an overview of the different types of metallic nanoparticle inks used for the 3D printing of electronics. The strengths and weaknesses of each type of ink are critically reviewed. The challenges and potentials of metallic nanoparticle inks in 3D printed electronics are also discussed. Metallic Nanoparticle InksMetallic nanoparticle inks are suspensions of metallic nanoparticles in liquid mediums (see Figure 2a), in which individual metallic nanoparticle is encapsulated in a layer of insulating organic additives and stabilizing agents (see Figure 2b). The encapsulating organic additives and stabilizing agents help prevent the metallic nanoparticles from agglomeration, but at the same time, also impede the flow of electrons from particles to particles. Therefore, sintering processes are required to remove The three-dimensional (3D) printed electronics additive manufacturing industry sector has grown substantially in the past few years, and there is increasing demand for different types of metallic nanoparticle inks in electronics printing for various applications. Metallic nanoparticle inks are commonly used for fabricating conductive tracks and patterns due to their relatively high electrical conductivity as compared to other types of inks, and they can be further categorized into single-element metallic nanoparticle inks, alloy metallic nanoparticle inks, metallic oxide nanoparticle inks, and core-shell bimetallic nanoparticle (BNP) inks. It is critical to gain a deep understanding of the metallic nanoparticle inks used in 3D printed electronics as the material properties of these inks can directly affect the final electrical and mechanical properties of the printed patterns. This review presents an overview of the available metallic nanoparticle inks used for 3D printing of electronics, and critically reviews the strengths and weaknesses of each type of ink. Finally, the challenges of metallic nanoparticle inks in 3D printed electronics are also discussed along with the future outlook for 3D printed electronics.

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“…Additive manufacturing is becoming an ultimate tool to produce composites [41] and especially permanent magnets. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] It has been used to produce magneto-responsive structures [49][50][51][52] and Nd-Fe-B-based magnets. [43,47] Herein, Fe flakes, prepared by high energy ball milling, have been partially transformed to more than 50% by volume Fe 16 N 2 phase following nitridation at low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Fe₁₆N₂ Micro‐Flake Powders and Their Extrusion‐Based 3D Printing into Permanent Magnet Form

et al. 2020

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Fe16N2 is a compound with giant saturation magnetization approaching or exceeding that of rare‐earth‐based permanent magnets. The abundance of its elements and low‐cost synthesis of this compound has made it highly attractive to replace rare‐earth‐based permanent magnets that are becoming ever more expensive to utilize in applications. Herein, its synthesis from Fe flakes by surfactant‐assisted high energy ball milling is demonstrated. The synthesized Fe flakes are then reduced under forming gas (Ar/H2), followed by nitridation at low temperatures under ammonia (NH3) gas. The formation of Fe16N2 phase exceeding 50% by volumetric fraction is observed and confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and Mössbauer analysis. Following the Fe16N2 flake synthesis, extrusion‐based 3D printing is used to check the feasibility of incorporation of the flakes into functional polymer matrix composites. For this purpose, an ink of intermixed synthesized powder with photoresist SU8 is used. Using the prescribed method, a prototype Fe16N2 permanent magnet composite is successfully produced using an additive manufacturing approach. Such efficient production of Fe16N2 powders via routes already applicable to magnet production and the consolidation of the powders with 3D printing are expected to open up new possibilities for next‐generation permanent magnet applications.

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Single Additive Enables 3D Printing of Highly Loaded Iron Oxide Suspensions

Cited by 36 publications

References 71 publications

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

Metallic Nanoparticle Inks for 3D Printing of Electronics

Fabrication and Characterization of Fe₁₆N₂ Micro‐Flake Powders and Their Extrusion‐Based 3D Printing into Permanent Magnet Form

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Single Additive Enables 3D Printing of Highly Loaded Iron Oxide Suspensions

Cited by 36 publications

References 71 publications

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

Metallic Nanoparticle Inks for 3D Printing of Electronics

Fabrication and Characterization of Fe16N2 Micro‐Flake Powders and Their Extrusion‐Based 3D Printing into Permanent Magnet Form

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Product

Resources

About

Fabrication and Characterization of Fe₁₆N₂ Micro‐Flake Powders and Their Extrusion‐Based 3D Printing into Permanent Magnet Form