singcar: Comparing single cases to small samples in R

Abstract

Case-control comparisons are a class of statistical tests allowing researchers to compare single cases to populations estimated from a sample. Such tests have wide potential utility, but historically have been applied mostly in the fields of cognitive and clinical neuropsychology, to infer whether individuals have suffered significant cognitive changes as the consequence of a brain lesion. One may wish to estimate whether that individual has abnormally low performance on some cognitive ability, or if one cognitive ability is abnormally discrepant with respect to another cognitive ability. John Crawford, Paul Garthwaite and colleagues have developed several related methods to statistically test for abnormality on a single variate and abnormality of the difference between two variates when a single case is compared to a small sample, while controlling the Type I error rate (

Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs‐fMRI case report

“…In our analyses, we have used the age as a covariate, considering the effect of this variable on the WM integrity (Liu et al, 2017). We performed the statistical analysis using the R implementation of BTD allowing for covariates (BTD‐COV) , that is , the function BTD_cov() of the library singcar (Rittmo & McIntosh, 2021).…”

Applied Bayesian Approaches for Research in Motor Neuron Disease

“…A catalogue of free statistical software has been compiled by John Crawford, and can be accessed here . These programs operate only in Windows but the R package “singcar” has recently been developed, so non-Windows users can implement these techniques ( 48 ). Notably, while these methods were developed for cognitive tests, they can and have been applied to other measures, such as psychiatric well-being ( 49 ), hippocampal volume ( 50 ), and positron emission tomography ( 51 ), making them informative for single case researchers of any discipline.…”