Síndrome de Horner durante anestesia neuroaxial en anestesia obstétrica – revisión de la literatura

Abstract

background: Obstetric neuraxial block is often used during labor; however, as in all medical procedures, complications have been reported, among which is Horner's syndrome. Objective: Characterize the incidence, pathophysiology and management of Horner's syndrome during neuraxial anesthesia. Methods: A review of literature was conducted by searching articles related to the subject in PubMed and Web of Science. results: The incidence of Horner's syndrome after neuraxial block is very variable being higher in cases of cesarean section than during labor (4% vs 0.4%-1.3%). Factors that promote cephalic spread of the anesthetic, increased neuronal sensitivity, physiological and anatomical changes induced by pregnancy, and in some cases poor positioning of the catheter, explain this association. Most of the time it is a benign phenomenon which resolves spontaneously in less than 4 hours; nevertheless, the onset of hemodynamic instability or atypical symptoms must be monitored, which obliges to expand the diagnostic studies and/or interrupt the anesthetic. rESUMEN Antecedentes: El bloqueo neuroaxial obstétrico se emplea frecuentemente durante el trabajo de parto; sin embargo, como en todo procedimiento se han reportado complicaciones, dentro de las cuales se encuentra el síndrome de Horner. Objetivo: Caracterizar la incidencia, fisiopatología y manejo del síndrome de Horner durante la anestesia neuroaxial. Métodos: Se realizó una