Simvastatin and biphasic calcium phosphate affects bone formation in critical-sized rat calvarial defects

Abstract

PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of locally applied simvastatin plus biphasic calcium phosphate (BoneCeramic ® ) or collagen sponge on bone formation in critical-sized bone defects. METHODS:Thirty defects of 5mm in diameter were created bilaterally with a trephine bur in the calvariae of fifteen Wistar rats. The defects were divided into five groups: group 1 -control, no treatment; group 2 (BoneCeramic ® ); group 3 (BoneCeramic ® + 0.1mg simvastatin); group 4 (collagen sponge); and group 5 (collagen sponge + 0.1mg simvastatin). After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and their calvariae were histologically processed. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were subjected to histological and histomorphometrical analyses. The area of newly formed bone was calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS:The greater amount of a bone-like tissue was formed around the carrier in group 3 (BoneCeramic ® + 0.1mg simvastatin)followed by group 2 (BoneCeramic ® ), and almost no bone was formed in the other groups. Group 3 was significantly different compared to group 2, and both groups were significantly different compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin combined with BoneCeramic ® induced significantly greater amounts of newly formed bone and has great potential for the healing of bone defects.Key words: Simvastatin. Osteogenesis. Calcium Phosphates. Rats. Simvastatin and biphasic calcium phosphate affects bone formation in critical-sized rat calvarial defects

Histopathologic evaluation of the effects of local simvastatin application and photobiomodulation by light-emitting diode on bone healing of rat calvarial defects

“…Recent studies have investigated the effect of the local application of simvastatin associated with different carriers such as methylcellulose gel [25,37], inorganic bovine bone graft, hydroxiapatite combined with calcium sulphate [38], polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer [39], calcium sulphate [36,40], lyophilized sponge [41], collagen sponge [42] and gelatin sponge [22,43]. However, there is no consensus about an ideal carrier of the drug for bone defects.…”

“…LED therapy provides positive effects in several procedures. LED arrays do not generate heat during the therapy, therefore thermal injury is not expected, unlike with LLLs [42]. Furthermore, LED therapy can be arranged by flat arrays allowing treatment of larger surface with lower cost compared to LLL therapy [17,18].…”

Application of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial critical-sized defects: A pilot study

“…CSD is “the smallest intrabony wound which does not heal spontaneously” ( 24 ). The proper CSD size for evaluation of bone regenerative biomaterials in a rat calvarial defect model has not been determined and full-thickness CSDs of 5mm-diameter ( 21 , 23 , 25 - 29 ) or 8mm-diameter ( 22 , 30 - 32 ) have been used. Full-thickness 5mm-diameter defects simplify surgical procedure and allow the creation of bilateral defects, reducing rats’ mortality and morbidity ( 21 , 33 ), and consequently the total number of animals that are required ( 21 ).…”

“…Histomorphometrical analysis is the gold standard for the assessment of new bone formation in rat calvarial CSDs ( 21 , 22 , 29 ). In this study, digital image analysis allowed an objective comparison of new bone formation among experimental and control CSDs, as estimated by the surface of the newly formed bone and number of osteocytes.…”

Local effect of simvastatin combined with different osteoconductive biomaterials and collagen sponge on new bone formation in critical defects in rat calvaria

“…The animals were housed in groups of five per cage in standard conditions with food and water ad libitum at room temperature with a 12-hour light/dark cycle (06:00 to 18:00 h). Female rats were used in this experiment because previous work from our research group showed very good response stability in the results obtained, although hormonal interferences were not considered 25 . The ARRIVE protocol guidelines was followed in this study.…”