Simvastatin and atorvastatin as inhibitors of proliferation and inducers of apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells

Buranrat, Benjaporn; Senggunprai, Laddawan; Prawan, Auemduan; Kukongviriyapan, Veerapol

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.018

Cited by 41 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The SRB assay was used to determine the effect of CF on the viability of HepG2 cancer cells, as previously described (20). Briefly, cells were cultured in a 96-well plate for 24 h and fresh medium containing various concentrations of CF (0-500 µg/ml) were added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colony formation assay was used to determine the effect of CF on the cell regrowth of HepG2 cancer cells, as previously described (20). Briefly, 500 viable HepG2 cancer cells were seeded in 6-well plates (500 cells/well) for 24 h, treated with various concentrations of CF (0-200 µg/ml) for 24 h, washed once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and resuspended in fresh medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell migration was assessed using a wound healing assay, as previously described (20). Briefly, HepG2 cancer cells were seeded into 24-well plates for 24 h. Cells were scratched using a sterile 0.2-ml pipette tip, certain cells were untreated and others were treated with different concentrations of CF (0-100 µg/ml).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

2017

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Cratoxylum formosum (CF) Dyer-induced cancer cell death and antimigratory effects in HepG2 liver cancer cells. The cytotoxic, antiproliferative and antimigratory effects of CF leaf extract on human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines were evaluated using sulforhodamine B, colony formation, and wound healing assays. In addition, apoptosis induction mechanisms were investigated via reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, caspase 3 activities, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) disruption. Gene expression and apoptosis-associated protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. CF induced HepG2 cell death in a time-and dose-dependent manner with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 219.03±9.96 and 124.90±6.86 µg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Treatment with CF caused a significant and dose-dependent decrease in colony forming ability and cell migration. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that CF induced ROS formation, increased caspase 3 activities, decreased the ΔΨm, and caused HepG2 apoptosis. CF marginally decreased the expression level of the cell cycle regulatory protein, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1) and the downstream protein, cyclin dependent kinase 6. Additionally, CF significantly enhanced p21 levels, reduced cyclin D1 protein levels and triggered cancer cell death. CF leaf extracts induced cell death, stimulated apoptosis and inhibited migration in HepG2 cells. Thus, CF may be useful for developing an anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of liver cancer. IntroductionMedicinal plants and their active compounds have been reported to exert potent cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cell (1). Numerous plants are consumed as food and are claimed by practitioners of traditional medicine to promote health (2-4). Northeast Thai vegetables, such as Cratoxylum formosum (CF) Dyer may have an affect on human health by exerting antioxidant and anticancer effects. CF belongs to the Guttiferae family and is a plant of the tropics, cultivated in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand (5). It is a local dietary and herbal plant, and its leaves are usually consumed fresh. CF has been adopted in folk medicine for the treatment of fever, coughs, stomach ache and peptic ulcers (6,7). CF produces various secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, flavonoids (6,8), xanthones, anthraquinones (7), chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acids, and ferulic acid (5). Kukongviriyapan et al (9) detected potent antioxidant activity in aqueous extracts of CF leaves. Other bioactivities demonstrated by CF include anti-inflammatory (10), antibacterial (11), antimicrobial (12) and anticancer (13). Various parts of the plant have been found to exert anticancer effects, including the roots, bark and leaves (14-16).CF inhibits the proliferation of v...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

2017

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“…The anti-breast cancer cell line MCF-7 activity of the culture filtrate extract was elucidated using a SRB assay using a method modified from Buranrat et al [18] and Sangdee et al [19]. Briefly, MCF-7 cells were cultured in a 96 -well plate for 24 h. After that, the cells were exposed to the culture filtrate extract at concentrations of 1 to 500 g/mL for 24 -72 h. Next, the culture medium was removed before being fixed with 10 % cold trichloroacetic acid for 1 h at 4 °C.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Anti-breast Cancer Cell Line Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of Streptomyces sp SRF1 culture filtrate

Sangdee¹,

Buranrat²,

Seephonkai³

et al. 2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…Previous studies have shown that ATST can increase p21 levels in A549 cells (35) and the pancreatic cancer (36). However, Buranrat et al reported opposing results, stating that ATST reduced p21 expression in KKU-100 cells and did not alter p21 expression in KKU-M214 cells (37). In terms of the synergistic effect, p21 levels were increased in HT29 and HCT116 cells following treatment with combined ATST and celecoxib (11), and with combined ATST and γ-tocotrienol (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Synergistic inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by a combination of atorvastatin and phloretin

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2017

Oncol Lett

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Abstract. Atorvastatin (ATST), a drug commonly used to reduce the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, is a prospective agent for the prevention of colorectal cancer in patients with hyperlipidemia. ATST in combination with functional components is a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. In the present study, the growth inhibitory effect of ATST combined with phloretin (PT) on SW620 and HCT116 colon cancer cells was investigated. The results of MTT assays indicated that the combination of PT and ATST markedly reduced cell survival in both cell lines compared with PT or ATST treatment administered individually. The interaction indexes between PT and ATST, which were used to analyze their interaction pattern, were computed by the median-effect equation. The interaction indexes of each PT and ATST concentration pair were <1.0, which indicated a strong synergistic effect between the two compounds. The data obtained by flow cytometry and western blot analysis of cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase indicated a synergistic effect resulted in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G 2 /M checkpoint. Furthermore, combined treatment with PT and ATST markedly downregulated the expression of cyclin B and upregulated the expression of phospho-cdc2 and Myt1, which suggested that the activation of cdc2 was downregulated. This combined treatment strategy enhanced the anti-cancer activity of ATST at a relatively low dosage and suggested a possible method of preventing colorectal cancer in patients with hyperlipidemia.

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Simvastatin and atorvastatin as inhibitors of proliferation and inducers of apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

Investigation of antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of Streptomyces sp SRF1 culture filtrate

Synergistic inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by a combination of atorvastatin and phloretin

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